Cell Basics
This jelly-like substance fills the cell and holds organelles in place.
Cytoplasm
This is the type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
This type of cell division results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis
This Dutch scientist is credited with first observing and describing cells in 1665 using a microscope.
Robert Hooke
This process in plants involves rapid cell division to create new growth at the tips of roots and shoots.
Apical meristem growth
This structure surrounds the cell, controlling what enters and exits.
Cell membrane
This phase of mitosis is when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Metaphase
This process, unique to meiosis, involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Crossing over
This German physiologist proposed the cell theory, stating that all living things are composed of cells.
Theodor Schwann
This type of reproduction in single-celled organisms involves one cell dividing into two identical cells.
Binary fission
These rod-shaped organelles are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell.
Mitochondria
During this first phase of mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks down and chromosomes condense.
Prophase
This term describes the paired chromosomes (one from each parent) that line up during meiosis I.
Homologous chromosomes
This American scientist discovered the process of meiosis while studying grasshopper cells in 1890.
Walter Sutton
This process in animals involves the rapid division of cells to heal wounds and replace damaged tissue.
Regeneration
This organelle is responsible for producing and packaging proteins in the cell.
Golgi apparatus
This structure forms during mitosis and helps to separate chromosomes.
Spindle fibers
This is the name for the four genetically diverse cells produced at the end of meiosis.
Gametes
This British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer contributed to the discovery of the DNA structure but did not receive proper recognition during her lifetime.
Rosalind Franklin
This natural phenomenon in trees is caused by rapid cell division in the cambium layer, creating visible rings.
Annual growth rings
This structure, found in plant cells but not animal cells, gives the cell its rigid shape.
Cell wall
This is the final phase of mitosis, where the cell membrane pinches in to form two separate cells.
Cytokinesis
This phase of meiosis I is when homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase I
This Belgian cytologist discovered the role of the centrosome in cell division and won a Nobel Prize for his work on cancer.
Theodor Boveri
This process in the human body involves the constant division of stem cells to produce new blood cells.
Hematopoiesis