First Nations
This theory explains how the first peoples reached North America using a land bridge.
The Land Bridge Theory (Beringia)
This dangerous and expensive trade route’s decline pushed Europeans to search for sea routes.
The Silk Road
This was the main economy of New France.
The fur trade
This region was considered the gateway to the St. Lawrence River.
Acadia
This Indigenous nation practiced farming using corn, beans, and squash known as the Three Sisters.
The Haudenosaunee
These three words summarize Europe’s main motivations for imperialism.
Gold, Glory, and God
This land system divided farmland into long strips along the St. Lawrence River.
The Seigneurial System
This 1755 event saw thousands of Acadians forcibly removed from their homes.
The Great Deportation
Many Indigenous worldviews believed land was sacred and shared, making people stewards rather than this.
Owners
This belief that one culture is superior to others was used to justify European conquest.
Ethnocentrism
Compared to New France, this group of colonies had a much larger population by 1760.
The 13 Colonies
This 1759 battle lasted one hour and decided the future of New France.
THe Battle on the Plains of Abraham
This Anishinaabe social system assigned jobs and responsibilities to family clans.
The Dodem (Clan) System
This French explorer founded Quebec and is known as the Father of New France.
Samuel de Champlain
This British company controlled Rupert’s Land and dominated the fur trade.
The Hudson's Bay Company
This British law restored French rights and allowed Catholicism in Quebec.
The Quebec Act
This leadership principle required agreement from the entire community before decisions were made.
Consensus
This economic system ensured colonies existed only to benefit the mother country.
Merchantilism
This European disease caused devastating epidemics among Indigenous peoples.
Smallpox
This war ended in 1814 and confirmed the border between the United States and Canada.
The War of 1812