Bones
The skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and hearing bones all make up the __________________ skeleton.
axial
Name 3 out of the 7 ways a muscle is named.
• Size
• Direction of fibers
• Location
• Number of divisions
• Origin and insertion
• Shape
• Action
The spinal nerves that exit out the cervical spine innervate what area(s) of the body?
arms, chest
Shoulder flexion occurs in the _________________ plane.
The arch of the foot that goes from the lateral side to the medial side is called the ___________________ arch.
What is the large bump that is your elbow called?
olecranon process
Rectus abdominus is classified as a _____________ muscle.
flat
The spinal cord is composed of 2 types of neural tissue. These are named what, and how are the arranged in relation to each other?
White matter surrounds gray matter "H" shape
The _____________ a base of support is, the more stable an object will be.
wider
Name a joint in the body that is classified as a pivot joint.
proximal radioulnar joint, atlanto-axial joint (C1 and C2)
The bone in the pelvis that in layman's terms might be called your "sitting bones" is called the ____________.
ischium
When a muscle is stretched over 2 joints, it can not achieve it's full range of flexibility. This phenomenon is called what?
Passive insufficiency
You are at the library with your friend. You each pick out 4 books to check out. You are holding your stack, but then your friend needs to use the bathroom so they ask you to hold their books for them. To produce the additional force needed to hold up twice as many books, your brain does what?
either or both:
- recruits more motor units
- increases the stimulation rate of the motor units already being used
A muscle contraction that moves at the same speed throughout the entire movement is called a(n) _________________ contraction.
isokenetic
What are the 5 characteristics of a diarthroidal/synovial joint?
| Synovial Membrane
| Synovial Fluid
| Articular Cartilage
| Joint Capsule
| Bursa
Wolff's law describes what characteristic of bones?
More bone will be laid down where more force is applied, and will be resorbed where force is not applied.
i.e. Bones get stronger when you move, and more brittle when you don't.
What muscle originates at the proximal posterior sides of the tibia and fibula, and inserts on the posterior calcaneus, that aids in plantar flexion?
Soleus
Each spinal nerve root has ___#___ sections. Each section is comprised of nerves that serve what purpose?
2
Dorsal root - sensory neurons
Ventral root - motor neurons
Newton's second law of motion states that:
amount of acceleration = amount of force.
The amount of acceleration an object will experience directly relates to how much force is put on that object to move.
The fused joint between your skull bones would functionally be called a ______________ joint, and structurally be called a ______________ joint.
synarthrosis, fibrous
What are two functions of bones?
Structure/support
protection of organs
mineral deposit/storage
RBC factory
make movement possible
The fiber arrangements of the deltoid are _______________.
multipennate
How many cranial nerves do we have?
12 pairs
Imagine two people want to move a log down the river, so they tie ropes around the end of the log and pull, each pulling from an opposite shore. They aren't pulling in the same direction, but the log only goes in one direction. The action of the two people pulling would be described as _________________ forces, while the movement of the log would be described as the ______________ force.
concurrent, resultant
The tibia rotates _______________ on the femur in order for the knee to fully lock. This action is called the __________________________.
laterally, screw home mechanism