Weathering and Surface Change
What process is primarily responsible for breaking rock down into sediment?
Weathering
Metamorphic rocks are formed as a result of these two factors
Heat and Pressure
The lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is split into large pieces called ___________ _________
Give two examples of human-caused changes
Urbanization, Mining, Agriculture, Deforestation
This German scientist proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 1900s
Alfred Wegener
Sediment dropping after being carried away is known as
Deposition
2. Compaction and cementation
Explain how the plates move at a convergent boundary and one landform that this boundary produces
Plates move toward each other
Mountains (continental-continental), deep-sea trenches (continental-oceanic) volcanic arcs (continental-oceanic)
Give two examples of natural surface changes
Volcanic activity, weathering, erosion, and deposition, tectonic activity such as earthquakes
This supercontinent contained nearly all of Earth's continents about 200-300 million years ago
Wind, water, and gravity are primarily responsible for this movement of sediment
Explain how plates move at a divergent boundary and one landform created at this boundary
The plates move away from each other
Mid-ocean ridges
Volcanoes
Rift valleys
Give a short explanation of how urbanization changes runoff patterns
Roads reduce the ability of water to enter underground aquifers
Why would it be difficult to explain finding fossils of the same species of land animal on different continents?
Because those land animals had no way to cross the oceans in between continents
Explain how plants help reduce soil erosion
The roots anchor the soil, providing stability
Metamorphic
Pacific Plate
How does agriculture impact the hydrosphere?
Agriculture uses a lot of water for irrigation
Similar ________ found on separate continents provided landform evidence for the theory of continental drift
(Hint: landform)
Mountains
These large masses of ice are capable of causing significant erosion
Glaciers
New crust is formed by lava being rapidly cooled by cold ocean water at mid-ocean ridges. This means that new crust is this type of rock
Extrusive igneous
The San Andreas fault in California is an example of this type of plate boundary
Transform
Earthquakes occur along what type of plate boundary?
Transform
Wegener's theory was originally rejected by scientists because he could not explain __________? (multiple words)
How the continents moved