MISC
What medication can cause pernicious anemia?
PPI- proton pump inhibitor
What 2 conditions can lead to an upper GI bleed?
Gastritis and PUD-
What is the difference between incarcerated and strangulated?
Incarcerated- it protrudes through but gets stuck (like in jail)
Strangulated - its being strangles and can become ischemic and die. A MEDICAL EMERGENCY- patient is usually in extreme pain
What type of med is cimetidine (tagament) and what does it treat?
H2 atagonist, and n&v associated with GERD
Which lower GI disease is only in the large intestine?
Ulcerative colitis
What medication class ends with TIDINE? and what do they do?
H2 antagonists- They reduce the amount of gastric acid being PRODUCED.
What medication heals ulcers and how? How should it be taken?
Sucralfate- coats the lining and covers the ulcer like a bandaid. Has to be taken before meals and before bedtime so it remains covered and doesnt get irritated.
What is something we are concerned about with hemrroids?
Risk of rupture and bleeding. Check stools for blood
What is waking up in the middle of the night a sign of and why?
GERD, because they are aspirating on gastric contents.
Important medications for hemorrhoids?
Stool softenfers, fluids, fiber, and ambulation.
What are the three components of TPN?
Amino acids (proteins), vitamins/minerals, and dextrose (glucose)
What is our biggest concern with PUD?
Perforation
What is the number 1 symptom of hiatal hernia and what causes it? and how is it diagnosed?
Heartburn. Pregnancy, obesity, heavy lifting (anything that increases abdominal pressure)
Chest xray- shows a shaddowy area.
What are the 2 different types of ulcers ? and what causes them? Also which one has pain while eating vs not and why?
Gastric - too much acidity- Pain when eating due to increased acid going into the stomach
Duodenal- too much acidity in an alkaline environment- Pain relieved when eating because the stomach is closed off while eating, but starts 2-3 hours after eating.
What are the upper gi and lower gi disorders?
Upper: GERD, gastritis, PUD, hernia,
Lower: UC, IBS, IBD, Crohns, hemrrhoids.
Also what type of antacid can you not give to HF patients?
Calcium containing
Sodium components: alka seltzer and baking soda.
Curative: Antibiotic
Symptom mgmt: PPI, H2 antacids.
What lowe GI disorder is prone to fistuals?
UC and crohns.
How is PUD diagnosed and what are they doing?
EGD- visualizing and taking a biopsy.
What are the two most common drugs used for UC
Autoimmune suppressant and Steroid therapy
How does metamucil work universally and what diseases is it used for?
Used for people with IBD or IBS (universal). - Bulk-forming laxative that either brings everything together to make it more solid (AKA diarrhea)
OR increases peristaltic movement with fiber to decrease constipation (AKA adds fluid to hard stools) (Puts a gel over the hard stool to help soften it)
Explain what a EGD does?
Laxatives should not be given with what GI disorder?
UC
What is the most common thing that leads to an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter?
Chocolate
What are aminosalycylates used to treat and who can you not give them too?
IBD for inflammation and aspirin allergies