Minerals
What is the relationship between a rock and a mineral?
Rocks are made from minerals.
What are the three types of rocks?
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
What is the hottest and the least hot layers of the Earth?
Hottest: Inner Core
Least hot: Crust
How do rocks turn into sedimentary?
When any rocks are broken down and moved over time, they may get compacted and cemented into layers, breaking off into new rocks.
What do we call dead animals or plants that leave traces of bone or shell in sedimentary rock?
Fossils
What are minerals?
Solids which are created naturally and made of chemical elements
If a rock is solid black, shiny like smooth glass, and has sharp edges, it is most like which type of rock?
Igneous rock
What is the inner core made up of?
Super hot, solid iron, nickel, and other metals
Can ANY rock turn into an igneous rock? Explain why or why not.
Yes! Any rocks can turn to igneous if they get melted down and cool/harden.
They can form underground from magma slowly cooling, or above ground, when lava cools and hardens more quickly.
How do rivers and streams play into the Rock Cycle?
Rivers and streams work to break down rocks rocks over time, and carry sediments to new areas, where they piles in layers and form sedimentary rocks.
What are the four ways to test minerals?
color, streak, luster, hardness
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Metamorphic rocks form when heat and pressure inside the earth change one kind of rock into another kind of rock.
What is the mantle made up of and where is it located?
The mantle is made up of magma (melted/liquid rock). It is located underneath the crust.
Which type of rock is made by layers of small pieces of rocks and minerals cemented together?
Sedimentary Rocks
What are the two parts of the Earth's crust, and how are they different?
The continental crust, where humans, animals, and plants live; and the oceanic crust, which is underneath the oceans, and a much thinner layer.
What are two differences between rocks and minerals?
Rocks are made up of one or more minerals.
Minerals are 100% made naturally from the Earth, while rocks may be also made up of organic fossils/remains of animals and plants
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Sedimentary rocks form when weathering and erosion break rocks down into sediments. Sediments, soil, and rocks get compacted into layers and cemented into new rocks over time.
Where and what is the Earth's crust?
The Earth's crust is the layer we live on, and the layer that the continents and oceans are on top of. It is made up of rocks, minerals, soil, and fossils and is the thinnest layer.
Why are metamorphic rocks called metamorphic rocks?
They are called metamorphic rocks because this is when rocks change (or metamorphose, like caterpillars to butterflies) due to intense heat and pressure inside the Earth.
The rock quartzite is used for flooring and kitchen counters. It forms when sandstone is changed by high temperature and pressure.
What two conclusions can you make about quartzite from this description?
Quartzite is a metamorphic rock, and it is a very hard and sturdy rock.
Three part question:
Name a mineral that is a 1 on the Moh's Hardness Scale.
Name a mineral that is a 10 on the Moh's Hardness Scale.
Explain what each score means.
1 = Talc
10 = Diamond
Talc is one of the least-hard minerals and can be scratched by any other mineral. Diamond is one of the hardest minerals and can scratch any other mineral.
Pumice is formed from melted rock that traps water and gas bubbles as it is cooling, forming lots of holes. What type of rock is Pumice?
Igneous Rock
In which layer of the Earth is there the most intense pressure?
Inner Core
The Rock Cycle is a rare phenomenon that only occurs once every 28 years, if you are lucky enough to catch it. True or false? Explain.
FALSE! The Rock Cycle is continuously happening all the time, all over and inside the Earth, and these changes take thousands to millions of years.
Name a mineral we use in everyday life, and how it is used. (500 points for each correct answer...!)
Zinc: used in batteries, and for nutrition
Lithium: used in cell phones, laptops, electric cars, and more
Gold/Silver: used for jewelry, rings, medals, currency, silverware, thermoses, etc
Copper: used for pennies, electric wires, saucepans
Talc: used for baby powder
Diamonds: used for jewelry, wedding rings, currency
What else?!