The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking creates these in the mantle.
What are convection currents?
100
This boundary occurs when two plates slide past one another.
What is a transform boundary?
100
Another word for an earthquake's strength.
What is magnitude?
100
A volcano that has gently sloping sides.
What is a shield volcano?
200
The outmost layer of the earth.
What is the crust?
200
These are formed as hot, less-dense material below Earth's crust is forced upward. Then it turns and flows sideways, carrying the seafloor away from this formation in both directions.
What are mid-ocean ridges?
200
Two continental plates collide. The crust is forced up higher and higher at the point of collision over a long period of time.
How are folded mountain ranges formed?
200
A force created by stress pulling an object.
What is tension?
200
Cool, stiff lava that forms jumbled heaps of sharp chunks near the vent.
What is blocky lava?
300
Scientists have found that the speed of these waves changes at different densities. The changes mark the boundaries of the layers in Earth.
What are seismic waves?
300
At this boundary type, two plates move together. Then one of three things will happen: one plate may sink under the other; one plate may bend and slide under the other; or both may crumple
What is a convergent boundary?
300
The plate specific type of plate boundary that formed the Andes Mountains in South America.
A convergent boundary of an oceanic plate and a continental plate.
300
Used by seismologists use to measure earthquake strength.
What is the Richter Magnitude Scale
300
The magma from these eruptions contain a lot of silica and water vapor; gases trapped in it are released under high pressure.
What are explosive volcanic eruptions?
400
The thicker part of the core.
What is the outer core?
400
Occurs when oceanic crust (which is denser and thinner than continental crust) collides with continental crust.
What is subduction?
400
When a mountain range boarders the ocean, this is normally also off the coast.
What is ocean trench.
400
Seismologists at no fewer than three seismograph stations use the arrival times of primary and secondary waves to determine distance. They use those distances to draw circles around each station on a map. The point on the map where all three circles intersect is this spot.
What is the epicenter?
400
Measures changes in a volcano's slope which might indicate a future eruption.
What is a tiltmeter?
500
How seismic waves travel through the lithosphere compared to the asthenosphere.
What is faster?
500
A putty-like layer between the mantle and crust over which the plates move.
What is the asthenosphere.
500
In the Himalayas, the plates colliding to form them crumple, but no subduction take place. As a result, these are very rare in the Himalayas.
What are volcanoe?
500
The idea that active faults with few earthquakes in the past will have strong ones in the future.
What is Gap Hypothesis?
500
Two examples of this type of volcano are Mount Rainier and Mount Saint Helens.