Respiration
Contraction of the diaphragm results in which of the following?
Exhalation, decrease in pressure within the alveoli, increase in pressure within the alveoli, phonation
decrease in pressure within the alveoli
What is Phonation?
The production or utterance of speech sounds
Which elements have to be coordinated in order to correctly articulate?
lips, tongue, teeth, palate, and respiratory system.
During a speech screening, the SLP places one end of a straw in the nostril of a child and listens at the other end while the child produces sounds or sentences. What is the SLP assessing by using the straw?
Hypernasality
Which phoneme is learned by 7?
Voiceless "th" (thin)
Respiration relies on the muscles of inspiration and expiration. The thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax is called the
Diaphragm
The laryngeal muscles are innervated by which nerve?
The Vagus Nerve
What are the 7 manners of articulation?
Bilabial
Labiodental
Dental
Alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Glottal
A child presents with hypernasal speech and substitutions of glottal stops for many oral sounds. The SLP should first assess:
Velopharyngeal Function
Which phonemes are learned by 6?
voiced "th" (this), zh (equation), r
Assuming that a person keeps his or her utterance length within the average range, what would be the most prominent effect of reduced lung capacity on an individual’s speech?
Reduced lung capacity would lead to quieter speech
What structure causes phonation?
The Vocal Folds
Oral reading is a common strategy for screening skills in school-age children. What is a key benefit to screening skills with a reading passage such as “Swimming” or “My Grandfather”?
Assess the articulation skills of the client
To assess resonance, the SLP has the client repeat “maybe baby maybe baby.” The clinician interprets the client production as “maybe maybe maybe maybe.” What can be suspected of the client’s resonance?
Hypernasality
Which phonemes are learned by 5?
l, v, s, z, sh, ch, dz (fudge)
The most appropriate instrument for assessing whether a patient can generate or sustain sufficient subglottal air pressure for speech is
Manometer
How is sound and pitch altered?
by the laryngeal muscles which manipulate the vocal folds.
A clinician says, “Be sure to make a long sound and not a short sound,” when working with a child who substitutes the phoneme /t/ for /s/. What type of cue is the clinician providing?
metaphonological, phonetic placement, metaphor, contextual facilitation
metaphonolgical cue
What is the most likely treatment option for a patient who demonstrates hypernasality that is phoneme specific?
Adenoidectomy, Prothesis, Speech Therapy, Tonsillectomy
Which phonemes are learned by 4?
f, k, g, t, y, ng
Maximum phonation time (MPT) can be used to measure respiratory and laryngeal functions. What happens to average MPT values in healthy older (i.e., >65 years of age) adults?
MPT gets shorter as healthy adults age
What does the Vocalis and Thyroarytenoid muscles do?
Vocalis: increases the thickness of vocal cords
Thyroarytenoid: Shortens and relaxes the vocal folds
What are some Standardized articulation assessments that can be given?
Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, second edition (GFTA-2)
Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale, fourth edition
Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology, Second Edition (CAAP-2)
Photo Articulation Test, third edition (PAT-3)
Structured Photographic Articulation Test, 2nd Ed. (SPAT-2)
Children born with a cleft palate develop a number of speech errors without intervention. These errors can be categorized as obligatory, compensatory, or developmental. An obligatory speech error is:
An error on a sound the child physically cannot produce correctly such as producing a vowel in error with hypernasal resonance when the child cannot achieve velopharyngeal closure.
Which phonemes are learned by 3?
m, h, w, p, b, d, n