Narrative Concepts (SNAP)
Narrative assessment evaluates language at this level.
Discourse level
Pronouns and connectives support this narrative feature.
Cohesion
This principle emphasizes embedding goals in meaningful activities.
Functional / contextualized intervention
OWL stands for this.
Observe, Wait, Listen
Play supports early communication by creating natural opportunities for ______.
Interaction / turn-taking
Macrostructure refers to this story-building skill.
Overall organization/story grammar
A T-unit represents one ______.
Independent clause + modifiers /dependent clause(s)
Vocabulary intervention should develop depth and ______.
Flexibility / conceptual understanding
Telegraphic speech should be avoided because it reduces exposure to ______.
Grammatical models
Functional play emerges before this more symbolic stage.
Pretend play
Microstructure refers to these language features.
Syntax, morphology, cohesion, vocabulary
When events are present but poorly connected, this area is weak.
Cohesive ties
Grammar intervention is most effective when embedded in this.
Natural communication / meaningful contexts
Parallel talk maps language onto what the child is ______.
Doing
Joint engagement is foundational for learning new ______.
Words / concepts
The purpose of narrative assessment is to understand how children organize ______.
Meaning within extended discourse
Syntax intervention often uses this technique to recast and expand children’s utterances.
Modeling and expansion
You should select targets that are ______ for the child.
Functional and developmentally appropriate
Joint engagement involves shared attention between adult and ______.
Child / activity
Children often communicate intentionally before they use ______.
Words
The SNAP emphasizes both structure and ______.
Function / communicative effectiveness
Children with weak cohesion may confuse listeners because of unclear ______.
Referential ties
Progress must be monitored across these multiple sources of data.
Contexts, partners, and tasks
Self-talk, parallel talk, and toy talk all provide ______ input.
Rich linguistic input / modeling
Social communication develops within relationships and routines, not isolated ______.
Drills