History & Theorists
•Environmental conditions have both a positive and negative effect on how the brain grows and develops.
•Early care has a long lasting effect on later ability to learn
•There are sensitive periods of development during which learning seems to be optimal for complete mastery.
•Brain development is continuous over our life span but greatest during the first three years of life.
What Is Dr. Sear Eight Ideals of Attachment Parenting
1.Birth Bonding: close attachment right after the birth (baby sleeps with mother.)
2.Emotional Responsiveness: baby’s cry is a signal designed for the survival of the baby and the development of the parents. Responding sensitively to your baby’s cries builds trust. Babies trust that their care givers will be responsive to their needs.
3.Breastfeeding: promotes the right chemistry between mother and baby by stimulating your body to produce prolactin and oxytocin, hormones that give your mothering a boost.
4.Baby-wearing: carried babies fuss less and spend more time in the state of quiet alertness, the behaviour state in which babies learn most about their environment.
5.Co-sleeping: mother and baby sleep together.
6.Avoiding frequent and prolonged separations between parents and baby.
7.Positive discipline: taking a proactive approach, rewarding behaviors you want repeated
8.Maintaining balance in family life.
The infant shows inconsistent attachment and reacts to the parent returning with confused/contradictory behaviors, such as looking away when held, or showing a confused facial expression.
What Is Disoriented Attachment
Is an observation instrument used to judge or rate the quality of a particular trait, characteristic, or attribute of the pupil.
What is Rating Scale
To record measure of the number of times that a predetermined behaviour occurs.
What is Frequency Counts
World World 1 Educational Focused Are:
•After the first world war (WW1) attention turned to the need to understand how children develop and what conditions are necessary to promote mental health.
•After the first world war (WW1) attention turned to the need to understand how children develop and what conditions are necessary to promote mental health.
Parents and Caregivers decide to take step by step approach in a child success entry into a daycare
What is Gradual Entry
The infant is usually not distressed by parental separation, and may avoid the parent, or prefer a stranger, when the parent returns.
What Is Avoidant Attachment
Is like a short story that educators use to record a significant incident that they observed.
What is Anecdotal Record
Observe and record predetermined behaviors during a predetermined time.
What is Time Sampling
Urie Bronfenbrenner Ecological Systems
1. Individual - Focuses on the Child
2. Microsystem - Home, School, Family
3. Mesosystem - Home, School, Neighborhood
4. Exosystem - Parent Workplace, Child School, Community Services
5. Macrosystem - Cultures, Values, Beliefs, Customs and Laws
What are the 3 A
1. Attention
2. Approval
3. Affection
The infant seeks closeness to the parent and resists exploring the environment. If separated, usually displays anger behaviours after the parent returns, and is difficult to comfort.
What Is Resistant Attachment
Is a list of things the observer will be looking at/for while observing, typically predetermined prior they either see or don’t see the item while observing.
What is a Checklist
Is the process of observing, recording, and, individually and collectively, interpreting a series of related ordinary moments in your practice.
What is Pedagogical Documentation
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
1. Physiological Needs: Air, Water, Food, Shelter, Sleep, Clothing, Reproduction
2. Safety Needs: Personal Security, Employment, Resources, Health, Property
3. Love and Belonging: Friendship, Intimacy, Family, Sense of Connection
4. Esteem: Respect, Self-Esteem, Recognition, Strength, Freedom
5. Self-Actualization: Desire to become the most that one can be
Why Infants and Toddlers Misbehave
1. Hungry
2. Teething
3. Illness
4. Pain
5. Changes in routines and transitions
The infant uses a parent, or other person, as a secure base, strongly prefers the parent, or person, over a stranger, actively seeks contact with a parent, and is easily comforted by that parent after being reunited.
What Is Secure Attachment
The teacher records the length of a pre-determined behavior of a child.
What is Duration Record
Is a meeting between two or more people when one person will ask the other a series of question.
What is Interview
Common Behaviors Infants and Toddlers Exhibit
1. Biting
2. Scratching
3. Pinching
4. Hair Pulling
5. Pushing
What are some positive guidance strategies
1. Redirection
2. Reminding
3. Clear Expectations
4. Positive Learning Environment
5. Learn By Doing
6. Developmentally Appropriate Practices
Is exhibited in securely attached infants as well as with insecurely attached infants.
What is Separation Anxiety
Related to attachment is separation anxiety, which appears to be a normal developmental experience; children from every culture exhibit it. Infants may start to exhibit separation anxiety around six months and increase in intensity until approximately 15 months old
The educator to act like a video camera, recording all significant behaviors and interactions as they happen.
What is a Running Record
Barriers to Effective Observation
•Time constraints
•Lack of Teamwork
•Not part of the philosophy or the practice of the centre
•Events sometimes act as barriers
•Unfamiliarity or lack of training