Causes of the War
What symbol of British control did Hone Heke repeatedly cut down?
The flagpole
What was the first major battle of the Northern Wars?
The Battle of Kororāreka, March 1845
Who was the main Māori leader who led the resistance against the British?
Hone Heke
Who claimed victory after the war—Māori or the British?
The British, but Māori were never truly defeated
What national event recognizes the Treaty of Waitangi today?
Waitangi Day, February 6th
What document, signed in 1840, contributed to tensions leading to the war?
The Treaty
What famous pā (fort) did the British struggle to capture before finally taking it in early 1846?
Ruapekapeka Pā
Which Māori chief supported Hone Heke and was known for his military tactics?
Kawiti
How did the war affect Māori trade and economy?
It declined, as British settlers took more control.
How do modern Māori view Hone Heke’s actions?
As an important act of resistance against British control.
Why did Māori chiefs like Hone Heke become frustrated after the Treaty of Waitangi?
They lost trade opportunities, lost political power, and British rule increased
What tactic did Māori use to defend their pā against British attacks?
Trenches, underground bunkers, and guerrilla warfare.
Who was the British Governor at the start of the Northern Wars?
Robert FitzRoy
What happened to land ownership after the Northern Wars?
Māori land was not confiscated, but British control increased.
How do people learn about the Northern Wars today?
Through school history lessons, Treaty settlements, and commemorations.
How did the capital moving from Kororāreka (Russell) to Auckland contribute to Māori unrest?
It reduced trade and economic opportunities for Māori in the North
How did the British finally capture Ruapekapeka Pā?
Māori had already started retreating, so the British took the empty pā.
Which British Governor arrived later and took a much harsher approach to Māori resistance?
George Grey
What was the long-term effect of the war on Māori resistance?
It inspired later resistance in the New Zealand Wars of the 1860s.
How have Treaty settlements addressed past conflicts like the Northern Wars?
The government has apologized and offered compensation to some iwi.
What role did missionaries play in the lead-up to the war?
Some tried to maintain peace, but others sided with the British.
What advantage did the British have over Māori forces in battle?
They had cannons, artillery, and more soldiers.
Name one British military leader who fought in the Northern Wars.
Lieutenant Colonel Despard
How did the war change the relationship between Māori and the British Crown?
It created mistrust, leading to further conflicts
Why is it important to remember the Northern Wars?
It helps us understand Māori-Crown relations and Treaty issues today.