Environmental Geology
The four main spheres of Earth
Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere
Scientist who proposed Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener
This property measures a mineral's resistance to scratching
Quartz
Magma above the Earth's surface is called?
Lava
Point on Earth's surface above an earthquake's origin
Epicenter
Energy source driving weather and climate
Sun & Earth's Internal Heat
Plate boundary where plates move apart
Divergent boundary
Mineral group making up 95% of Earth's crust
Silicates
This volcano type has broad gentle slopes
Shield volcano
These waves are fastest and can travel through solids and liquids
P-waves
Material supporting plant life, composed of minerals, organics, air, water
Soil
This force pulls oceanic plates into mantle at subduction zones
Slab pull
Mineral that does not exhibit cleavage
Quartz
Type of eruption caused by high-viscosity magma
Explosive eruption
Scale used to measure earthquake magnitude
Richter scale
A cycle describing continuous rock transformations
Rock cycle
Type of plate margin where plates slide horizontally past each other
Transform boundary
This texture is formed by rapid lava cooling with gas bubbles
Vesicular texture
Volcanic mudflows mixing ash, debris, and water
Lahar
What is the theory explaining sudden energy release causing earthquakes?
Elastic rebound theory
The study of Earth as interacting physical, chemical, biological, and human components
Earth system science
Name the supercontinent that existed before continents drifted apart
Pangaea
A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mainly of quartz and feldspar
Granite
Name for volcanic fragments ranging from fine ash to blocks
Tephra
These seismic waves cause horizontal ground motion and are most destructive
Love waves (surface waves)