Body Systems
Which body system pumps blood to the rest of the body?
Circulatory (or cardiovascular) system (heart)
What type of energy comes from the Sun that plants use to make food?
Solar energy (sunlight) / light energy used in photosynthesis
What is a wave? Give a short definition (what it transfers).
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another
What is a fossil?
Remains or traces of ancient living things preserved in rock
What is the tiny particle called that makes up all matter?
Atom
Which body system helps you breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Respiratory system
Name the energy an object has because it is moving.
Kinetic energy
Which type of wave needs a medium (like air or water) to travel: sound or light?
Sound (mechanical) waves need a medium
What type of rock are most fossils found in: igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary?
Sedimentary rock
Name the three main subatomic particles found in atoms
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Name the system that breaks down food so your body can use the nutrients.
Digestive System
What is stored energy due to an object’s position or condition called (example: a stretched rubber band)?
Potential Energy
What term describes the top of a transverse wave?
Crest
What principle says that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are on the bottom and the youngest are on the top?
Law (Principle) of Superposition
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
Electrons
Which body system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and controls body activities?
Nervous system
During a pendulum swing, energy changes between two main forms. Name both forms.
Potential energy and kinetic energy
If you increase the frequency of a wave while keeping speed constant, what happens to the wavelength?
The wavelength decreases (shortens)
A scientist finds the same fossil species in rock layers on two different continents. What might this tell us about the past positions of those continents?
It may suggest the continents were once connected (continental drift / plate tectonics)
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus is called what? How does this number relate to the element?
Atomic number; it identifies the element (each element has a unique number of protons)
Explain one way the circulatory system and the respiratory system work together to keep the body functioning.
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs; oxygen enters the blood and the circulatory system transports it to cells.
A roller coaster car at the top of a hill has mostly what type of energy? Write the expression (words) for how this energy can change as it moves down the hill.
Mostly potential energy at the top; as it moves down the hill potential energy converts to kinetic energy
Identify one real-world example of a longitudinal wave and describe how particles move in that wave.
Example: Sound wave in air; particles move back and forth along the direction of the wave (compressions and rarefactions)
Explain how index fossils help scientists determine the relative age of rock layers.
Index fossils are from species that lived for a short, known time and were widespread; their presence helps match rock layers of the same relative age
Describe the difference between a molecule of an element and a compound.
Molecule of an element is made of one type of atom (e.g., O2); a compound has two or more different types of atoms bonded (e.g., H2O)