Diversity of Living Organisms
A) What is the main distinguishing feature of prokaryotes?
B) What domain do bacteria belong to?
C) What is a species?
A) What is Lack of a nucleus
B) What is Prokaryote
C) What is organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
A) Who is known as the father of evolution?
B) What is natural selection?
C) Define the term "adaptation".
A) What is Charles Darwin.
B) What is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
C) What is a trait that increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
A) What is a gene?
B) What is the principle of dominance in genetics?
C) What is an allele?
A) What is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
B) What is alleles are dominant and can mask the expression of recessive alleles.
C) What is Different forms of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
A) What is the basic unit of life?
B) What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
C) What is the main function of ribosomes?
A) What is the cell
B) What is the mitochondrion.
C) What is Protein synthesis.
A) What is the main function of the circulatory system?
B) What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
C) What is another word for Inhale and exhale
A) What is to transport blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.
B) What is exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the body and the environment.
C) What is Inspiration and expiration
A) Name the three domains of life
B) What is the primary function of the plant cell wall?
C) What is binomial nomenclature?
A) What is Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
B) What is provide structure and support.
C) What is system of naming species with two names: the genus name and the species name.
A) What is the significance of the fossil record in studying evolution?
B) What is speciation?
C) Explain the concept of genetic drift.
A) What is the fossil record provides evidence of past life forms and their changes over time, supporting the theory of evolution.
B) What is the process by which new species arise from existing species, often due to genetic isolation and environmental factors.
C) What is genetic drift is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population due to chance events, which can lead to significant genetic changes over time.
A) Define genotype and phenotype.
B) What is a Punnett square used for?
C)What is Mendel's law of independent assortment?
A) What is genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the observable traits or characteristics.
B) What is predict the genotypic and phenotypic outcomes of a genetic cross.
C) What is Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
A) What is the function of the cell membrane?
B) open circulatory system
C) What is the difference between red and white cell
A) What is to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
B) What is a circulatory system in which the circulatory fluid is not contained entirely within vessels.
C) What is Red blood cells carry oxygen and lack a nucleus, while white blood cells are part of the immune system and have a nucleus.
A) What is the main function of the digestive system?
B) What is the role of the skeletal system?
C) Describe the role of enzymes in the digestive system.
A) What is to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.
B) What is to provide structure, protect organs, anchor muscles, and store calcium
C) What is Enzymes help break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
A) distinguishes the kingdom Fungi from Plantae?
B) the defining characteristics of the kingdom Animalia?
C) protists differ from other eukaryotic organisms
A) What is Fungi have filaments, and plants have roots, leaves, and stems. Plants are autotrophic which means they can make their own food while fungi cannot.
B) What is Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that typically have specialized tissues
C) What is Protists are mostly unicellular and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
A) What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?
B)Explain why puppies from the same litter can have different fur colour and pattern
C) What is the founder effect?
A) Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, while divergent evolution occurs when related species evolve different traits due to different environments.
B) Puppies from the same litter can have different fur colors and patterns because of genetic variations. Each puppy inherits a unique combination of genes from their parents, which determines their coat color and pattern.
C) A type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic variation and a population that may differ significantly from the original population
A) What is a dihybrid cross?
B) Explain the concept of co-dominance.
C)What is a polygenic trait?
A) What is a genetic cross that examines the inheritance of two different traits.
B) What is co-dominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that displays both traits equally.
C) What is a trait controlled by two or more genes, often resulting in continuous variation.
A) What is the function of red blood cells?
B) What are neurons?
C) three major components of the circulatory system
A) What is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
B) What is nerve cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the body.
C) heart, blood vessels, and blood
A) Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart
B) Most common symptom of a heart attack
C) Treatments for a blocked artery
A) What is What is Coronary arteries
B) What is Chest pain
C) What is Balloon angioplasty, stenting, bypass surgery
A) Explain the concept of homologous structures.
B) What are extremophiles, and in which domain are they commonly found?
C)Define the term "phylogenetic tree"
A) What is homologous structures are anatomical features that are similar in different species due to shared ancestry.
B) What is extremophiles are organisms that live in extreme environments, commonly found in the domain Archaea.
C) What is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
A) Describe the role of gene flow in evolution.
B) What are mutations
C) Explain the concept of adaptive radiation.
A) What is gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between populations, which can introduce new alleles and increase genetic diversity within a population.
B) What is Mutations are changes in the genetic material
C) What is evolution of an animal or plant group into a wide variety of types adapted to specialized modes of life.
A) Describe the process of meiosis
B) What is a karyotype?
C) Explain the role of crossing over in genetic variation
A) What is Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically diverse haploid gametes.
B) What is a photograph or diagram of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in homologous pairs and ordered by size.
C) What is during prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity in the offspring.
A) Describe the structure and function of the heart.
B) What is the role of hormones in cell communication?
C) What is the role of the salivary glands
A) What is the heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system, consisting of four chambers two atria and two ventricles.
B) What is hormones are signaling molecules that are produced by glands.
C) What is glands in the mouth that produce saliva to begin the chemical digestion of food.
A) Artery that carries blood from left ventricle to the body
B) Type of blood received by right side of heart
C) Two lower chambers of the heart
A) What is Aorta
B) What is Deoxygenated
C) What is Ventricules
A) Describe the process of endosymbiosis and its significance in the evolution of eukaryotic cells
B) What are the primary criteria used to classify organisms into different kingdoms?
C) Natural selection acts on..
A) What is endosymbiosis is a theory that suggests eukaryotic cells evolved through a symbiotic relationship between early eukaryotes and certain prokaryotes, leading to the formation of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
B) What is the complexity of cells structure, body organization, the mode of nutrition, life style, and phylogenetic relationship.
C) What is a ecosystem
A) How do sexual selection and artificial selection differ?
B) What is selective advantage
C) Explain survival of the fittest
A) What is sexual selection involves the preferential mating of individuals with certain traits, driven by mate choice or competition, while artificial selection is the human mediated breeding of organisms with desirable traits.
B) What is a genetic advantage of one organism over its competitors.
C) What is the idea the organisms that are the fittest leave the most offspring
A) What is the significance of linked genes?
B) Describe the molecular structure of DNA
C) What is genetic recombination and its importance in evolution?
A) What is Linked genes are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together, affecting genetic inheritance patterns.
B)What is DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, each containing a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
C) What is Genetic recombination is the exchange of genetic material between different organisms or different regions within an organism, leading to genetic diversity, which is essential for evolution.
A) Explain the process of gas exchange in the alveoli.
B) What are the three parts inside the small intestine
C) What is a spirogram.
A) What is Gas exchange in the alveoli occurs when oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.
B)What is Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum.
C) What is a chart that measures one's inhale and exhale.
A) Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen
B) Vein that drains blood into the right side of heart
C) Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
A) What is Coronary
B) What is Vena cava
C) What is Diffusion