Geography
Along which river was Ancient Rome build?
The tiber river
who were the 3 Big roman gods?
Juno, Minerva, and Jupiter,
Which material allowed Roman structures to last for thousands of years?
A highly durable concrete made from volcanic ash, lime, and water,
which powerful assembly of wealthy aristocrats served as the primary advisory body and controlled the public treasury during the Roman republic?
The Roman Senate
What was the primary legal and social distinction between a freeborn Roman civis (citizen) and a peregrinus (foreigner) living within the empire?
Citizens held the right to vote and possessed immunity from certain corporal punishments.
On how many hills was Rome founded?
7 hills
What was the role of haruspex?
He was a specialized priest who practiced divination by sacrificing the internal organs of animals
How did Romans solve the problem of supplying water to massive cities?
Aqueducts
What common economic tool did Augustus introduce across the empire to standardize trade simplify tax collection and reinforce imperial propaganda?
standerdized silver and gold coins
What was the term for the foundational social relationship where a wealthy upper-class protector (patronus) provided legal and financial aid to a lower-class dependent (cliens) in exchange for political backing?
Clientela
Why did early settlers build Rome 15 miles inland?
Protection from naval attacks and pirates
How did Romans attempt to influence the gods?
sacrifices, vows and oaths, and ritual prayers,
what major civil engineering achievement in the city of Rome kept the urban population healthy by draining waste into the tiber river?
The cloaca maxima
Which elected officials held veto power to protect ordinary plebeians from unfair laws passed by patrician magistrates?
tribunes
Under Roman law, what absolute power did the paterfamilias (the oldest living male head of a household) hold over his children and descendants?
Patria potestas, which legally included the power of life and death over his family members
What is the name of the large, fertile plain where the city of Rome is located?
Latium
Who were the vestal virgins?
High priestesses of the goddess vesta
Which written code of law served as the foundation for the Roman legal system and protected citizens basic rights?
The twelve tables
Which vital maritime hub did Claudius and Trajan expand to handle the millions of tons of grain imported annually to feed the city of Rome?
The port of Ostia
What was a formally freed Roman slave called, and what major social restriction did they still face despite gaining their liberty?
A libertus; they were banned from holding public political office
Which physical feature provided Rome with a natural port at Ostia?
The mouth of the tiber river
When did Christianity become the official religion?
313 A.D.
What field tested medical achievement did Roman armies pioneer to save soilders lives during long military campaigns?
Field hospitals and sanitized surgical tools
What was the political purpose of the Cura Annonae (the grain dole) distributed by emperors to hundreds of thousands of Roman citizens?
preventing urban riots by providing free basic food
Which wealthy socio-economic class ranked just below the Senatorial order and originally derived their name from serving as cavalrymen in the Roman cavalry?
The Equestrians