The Heart
Blood
Digestion
Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases
Cancer
100
What is the name of the disease when an atheroma forms in the arteries of the heart?
Coronary Heart Disease
100
What are the four components of the blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
100
What does amylase break down?
Starch
100
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be spread from person to person
100
Name a type of cancer.
Any type of cancer is appropriate.
200
What is the scientific name for the heart muscle?
Cardiac muscle
200
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To transport oxygen around the body.
200
Where are carbobydrases produced in the body?
Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
200
Give an example of a communicable disease.
Any communicable disease is acceptable
200
Define metastasis.
The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body.
300
Describe how a stent is inserted.
A catheter is used to deliver a stent to the affected coronary artery. As the stent is wrapped around a balloon, the balloon is inflated to widen the stent and the lumen of the artery. The balloon is then deflated and removed.
300
Describe how haemoglobin helps a red blood cell to carry out its job.
The haemoglobin is the protein that carries the oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
300
Where is bile produced and stored?
Produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
300
Give an example of a non-communicable disease.
Any non-communicable disease is acceptable.
300
Define mutation.
Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.
400
Explain how statins work.
Statins are a drug used to lower blood cholesterol. Lower levels of cholesterol lower the levels of fatty material in the blood. This, in turn, lowers the likelihood of an atheroma building up and blocking the coronary arteries.
400
How do platelets work?
Platelets release chemicals in the blood to form a mesh at the site of a wound. Other components of the blood get stuck in this mesh to eventually form a scab.
400
Describe the function of bile. Do not explain how it works.
Bile is used to keep the conditions in the small intestine alkaline and to speed up the digestion of fat.
400
Explain how your diet can increase the likelihood of developing a non-communicable disease.
Anything relating to smoking, alcohol, fatty foods,etc.
400
Describe how secondary tumours can occur.
As malignant tumours are not membrane-bound, they can break apart and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream.
500
Describe the pathway of blood through the heart using scientific keywords. Start at the vena cava.
Vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
500
Compare the functions of red blood cells and white blood cells.
Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body whereas white blood cells ingest pathogens.
500
Explain how bile works.
Bile is alkaline and therefore neutralises the acidic conditions from the stomach. It also emulsifies fat to form globules which increases the surface area of the lipid in order to increase the rate of digestion by lipase.
500
Where do viruses reproduce when we are infected and how does this compare to bacteria?
Viruses reproduce INSIDE our cells whereas bacteria reproduce outside our cells.
500
Compare benign tumours and malignant tumours.
A benign tumour is a growth of abnormal cells within a membrane, malignant tumours are a growth of abnormal cells that are not membrane bound and can spread to form secondary tumours.
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