Overweight/obesity
What BMI corresponds to being obese
Greater than 30 kg/m2
Unlike Type 2 diabetes, which is often associated with insulin resistance, this condition is an autoimmune disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin because the body's immune system attacks its own beta cells.
Type 1 diabetes
Which region of the brain is most impacted by the development of Alzheimer's Disease?
Hippocampus
While osteoarthritis is caused by "wear and tear," this systemic autoimmune disease occurs when the body's immune system attacks the lining of the joints.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What BMI corresponds to being overweight?
25-29.9 kg/m2
To receive a formal diagnosis of diabetes, a patient must typically show a fasting plasma glucose level equal to or greater than this many milligrams per deciliter on two separate tests.
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL
What is the leading risk factor for the development of dementia/ Alzheimer's Disease?
Age (older than 65)
This is the specific term for the painful or tingly sensation that an amputee feels in a limb that is no longer physically present.
Phantom Limb Pain
Despite a high BMI, individuals in this "paradoxical" state show no signs of insulin resistance or high blood pressure, challenging the direct link between adiposity and metabolic disease.
The fat but fit paradox
Triggered by either insulin or muscle contraction, this specific glucose transporter protein translocates from intracellular vesicles to the cell membrane to allow glucose entry into skeletal muscle.
GLUT 4
Linked to repetitive head trauma, this neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the abnormal buildup of tau protein and, as of now, can only be definitively diagnosed through a post-mortem examination of brain tissue.
CTE
This inflammatory process in the joints is triggered by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals, often due to high levels of uric acid in the blood.
Gout
While ghrelin is the "hunger hormone" that signals the brain to eat, this hormone—produced by fat cells—acts as the primary satiety signal to inhibit appetite.
leptin
While this condition usually resolves after childbirth, women who develop it face a significantly higher risk—roughly 50%—of developing this chronic metabolic disorder later in life.
Type 2 diabetes
While Major Depressive Disorder involves intense episodes lasting at least two weeks, this condition—formerly called dysthymia—is characterized by a chronic, lower-grade depressed mood occurring most days for at least two years.
Persistent depressive disorder
This "silent" skeletal disease occurs when the rate of bone resorption by osteoclasts exceeds the rate of bone formation by osteoblasts, leading to porous, fragile bones.
Osteoporosis
In this restrictive bariatric procedure, approximately 80% of the stomach is removed, leaving behind a narrow, banana-shaped tube that significantly reduces the production of the hunger hormone ghrelin
Sleeve gastrectomy
To improve insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health, and body composition, the ACSM recommends that adults with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes engage in this many minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week.
150-300 min/wk
When presribing exerice to an individual with anxiety what isthe number one factor to consider?
Medication use
In this condition, an "intervertebral" structure protrudes through a tear in the annulus fibrosus, often compressing a spinal nerve root and causing radiating pain.
Herniated Disc