Education
The nurse is planning to start a well-child clinic in a lower socioeconomic area. What action should they take to meet the health outcomes of the project?
What is develop a plan to meet the costs and promote the project's benefits?
What are noninfectious, or noncommunicable diseases?
Improved health practices in the early 20th century have caused a change in patterns of disease occurrence. No longer are infectious diseases the leading causes of death; the morbidity and mortality from noninfectious and chronic degenerative conditions has increased (table 6.1)
In order to be sure of accuracy of test results, the nurse should be aware that reliability of which parameters indicate accuracy?
What is administering a test at different times by different people?
This is an action, treatment, or program applied by researchers to investigate its effect on a health outcome.
Examples may include pharmacological agents or behavioral therapies.
This is the share of the population affected by a given condition at a specific point in time.
What is prevalence?
Unlike incidence, which measures how many people develop a condition over a specific period of time, prevalence captures the total number of cases at a given point. It is typically expressed as a percentage or as the number of cases per 100,000 people.
If there is a rise of truant students related to allergy symptoms, the nurse would use this approach to decrease truancy.
What is develop an allergy education and surveillance program?
The nurse is analyzing and epidemiologic study conducted on the occurrence of influenza cases in Virginia. While evaluating the information the primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness i called this.
What is the rate?
This measures the death rate for a specific cause of death within a population, typically expressed as deaths per 100,000 people per year.
What is the cause specific mortality rate?
The nurse is discussing a research study with a colleague regarding one group of patients who developed asthma before the study started, and another group without asthma. Which type of study design is this?
What is a case control study?
Case-control studies are also known as retrospective studies, and work backward from the effect to the suspected cause The participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred, and are selected on the basis or absence of disease or outcome in question.
What is program replication?
It demonstrates that a program's effectiveness is not dependent on the original location's unique conditions but can be successfully reproduced elsewhere. The process emphasizes the faithful reproduction of the program's key elements while allowing for necessary adaptations to the new community.
Programs that focus on safety, education, and seatbelt safety are explained at this level of prevention.
What is primary prevention?
This model would be used when exploring the interactions among people infected with a mosquito-acquired illness and the environment.
What is the epidemiologic triad?
This is a model of disease causation that consists of three interacting components. The agent, the host, and the environment.
These four studies review causality.
What are quasi-experimental, experimental, and randomized, control group?
A force field analysis identifies this.
What is identifying the forces driving change and any resisting the change?
This is a tool that can be used to characterize and illustrate a situation that appears unchangeable until the forces that drive toward change and those that restrain change are more clearly understood. It is an effective community tool for community change and can be used to identify factors within a community or organization that are driving or reinforcing change in the desired direction, as well as those that are restraining or resisting change.
A student nurse describes this experience: During my first clinical rotation in home care, I was visiting a 50-year-old Vietnamese lady recovering from pneumonia. While I was assessing her respiratory status, I noticed several round brown bruises down her back. I was a little shocked, not knowing what it was. I could not think of anything about her infection that could cause that. But she told me that when she came from the hospital, her sister-in-law had given her a "fire cupping" treatment. I went home and looked up what that was.
This experience is an example of what concept?
What is cross-cultural nursing?
CC nursing is any nursing work in which the nurse and patient have different cultures.
CC nursing involves incorporating cultural considerations into the patient's care plan. Including cultural considerations in nursing helps to avoid misunderstanding, miscommunication, and potentially compromising patient care.
The phase of the transtheoretical model at the point when a committee has established the need for a local clinic, data has been collected, and the next step is to collaborate with business leaders and the committee.
What is preparation?
This is when the individual intends to take action and is beginning to plan and has taken some steps toward the goal.
This phase of the epidemiologic process is similar to the implementation phase of the nursing process.
What is the intervention phase?
This involves developing, implementing, and evaluating control and prevention measures for a public health problem using data and evidence collected during the earlier stages.
Setting the factor to this helps ensure that the study's results are not due to chance alone.
What is setting the p-value to 0.05?
Setting the p-value to 0.05 is a common practice in statistical analysis
The p-value threshold of 0.05 is a widely accepted standard in statistical analysis, indicating that results are statistically significant if the p-value is less than or equal to this threshold.
Geographic regions or populations that lack adequate access to essential resources, services, or opportunities are likely to encounter this.
What are disparities?
These populations may experience higher rates of chronic disease, injuries, and mortality, leading to significant differences in health status and life expectancy.
These are the three pillars of hospice care.
What is palliative care, pain control, and supportive spiritual development?
A nurse wants to use evidence-based practice to develop an education program for older teens. the first step the nurse should take is:
What is consulting the literature to create a rationale for the intervention?
Consulting the literature to create a rationale is always the first step in evidence-based practice.
These are the three phases in the natural history of disease.
What is pathologic onset, presymptomatic, and manifestation of clinical disease?
These are properties of interest that differ in value.
What are variables?
Variables are qualities or characteristics of persons, things, or situations that change and can be manipulated in research.
This is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own culture. An example could be calling the eating of insects "weird" or "barbaric" because it is different than your own diet.
What is ethnocentrism?
This is the basic definition of epidemiology.
What is the study of the distribution and determinant of states of health and illness in the human population?