Endocrine
What fluid do we want to give for SIADH.
What is none/fluid restriction? or very little hypertonic
Rationale: SIADH causes excess ADH → water retention → dilutional hyponatremia. Restricting fluids corrects sodium imbalance.
What is one medication you can use for thyroid storm
What is propylthiouracil (PTU), Methimazole, Beta-blockers, Corticosteriods?
Name one symptom in Beck's triad?
What is
Hypotension (low BP from reduced cardiac output)
Muffled or distant heart sounds
JVD (jugular venous distention)
(cardiac tamponade)
Why do we keep chest drainage system below chest level?
What is uses gravity to promote drainage and prevent backflow.
Patients wake up from this sedative in about 30-60 minutes.
What is Dexmedetomidine?
Rationale:
•5–10 minutes onset
•30-60 minutes to fully wake up
A patient has the following ABG values:
What is the acid-base imbalance and level of compensation?
What is partially compensated respiratory acidosis?
Rationale:
This dangerous neurological complication can occur in SIADH
What is cerebral edema?
Rationale: Low sodium causes fluid to shift into brain cells → swelling → confusion, seizures, coma.
Name at least 3 symptoms of Thyroid storm.
Hypermetabolic
Tachycardia
Fever
HTN
Tremors
Abdominal pain
Changes of LOC
What does VAP stand for?
What is Ventilator assisted pneumonia?
Avoid with regular mouth care, raising hob, limit ventilator use
Name one high and one low vent alarm reason?
What is
High: obstruction
Kink or blockage
Patient is coughing/biting tube
Mucus building up (may need suctioning)
Low: Leak or Disconnection (self extubation)
What does Flumazenil do?
What is reverses benzodiazepines?
Rationale: Benzodiazepine antagonist that reverses sedation.
A patient’s ABG results are:
What is the acid-base imbalance and level of compensation?
What is uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?
Rationale:
This electrolyte must be monitored closely when administering insulin
What is potassium?
Rationale: Insulin drives potassium into cells → can cause dangerous hypokalemia → risk for arrhythmias.
This "eye" sign is seen in hyperthyroidism
What is exophthalmos?
Rationale: Autoimmune inflammation (Graves’) causes protrusion of the eyes
This ventilator setting keeps alveoli open at end expiration
What is PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure)?
Rationale: Prevents alveolar collapse → improves oxygenation
Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates this
What is an air leak?
Rationale: Continuous bubbling = air entering system abnormally.
A mechanically ventilated patient has a RASS score of +3. What does this mean?
What is
A score of +3 means the patient is under-sedated, which is dangerous because they can:
A patient’s ABG shows:
What is the acid-base imbalance and level of compensation?
What is fully compensated respiratory acidosis?
Rationale:
This condition has no ketones but severe hyperglycemia
What is HHS?
Rationale: HHS has extreme hyperglycemia without ketosis because some insulin is still present
This life-threatening hypothyroid condition may require ventilation
What is myxedema coma?
Rationale: Severe hypothyroidism → decreased metabolism → respiratory failure, may require ventilation
When do we see patients in prone positioning?
What is ARDS?
Rationale: Improves ventilation-perfusion matching in ARDS
What is a needle decompression?
What is life-saving procedure used to treat a tension pneumothorax by inserting a needle and catheter into the chest cavity
Rationale: Rapidly releases trapped air in tension pneumothorax → life-saving
With this sedative, patients CANNOT follow commands
What is Propofol?
Rationale: the drug causes a rapid, dose-dependent, and profound depression of the central nervous system, effectively inducing a state of temporary unconsciousness or general anesthesia
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes presents with Kussmaul respirations. Which ABG pattern would you expect?
What is metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation?
(Low pH, low HCO₃⁻, low CO₂)
Rationale:
This lab value reflects dehydration severity?
What is Serum osmolality?
Rationale:it measures the concentration of particles (such as sodium, glucose, and urea) in the blood
Name 2 precautions with Radioactive iodine and what does it treat?
What is Sleep in separate bed
minimize interaction w/ pregnant/children
Limit public places
drink fluids
do not share food or toilets?
This lab value is indicates ventilation effectiveness
What is PaCO₂?
Rationale: reflects the balance between \(CO_{2}\) production (metabolism) and \(CO_{2}\) removal (alveolar ventilation)
What is flail chest?
What is injury occurring when adjacent ribs are fractured, detaching a segment of the rib cage
Rationale: Multiple rib fractures → chest wall moves opposite (paradoxical movement).
These trials are performed daily to assess readiness for extubation.
What are spontaneous breathing trials?
Rationale: Assess readiness to wean from ventilator.
A patient is having a lung disease (like asthma or pneumonia) with rapid breathing. Which ABG pattern would you expect?
What is respiratory alkalosis?
(High pH, low CO₂)
Rationale: