Software Engineering
What does SDLC stand for?
Software Development Life Cycle
What is modularity?
Dividing software into smaller, independent components with specific responsibilities
Which type of testing checks individual functions or components?
Unit testing
Which OOP principle restricts direct access to internal object data?
Encapsulation.
What does Agile development emphasize?
Flexibility, collaboration, frequent delivery, and responding to change.
What is the primary goal of requirements engineering?
To identify, document, analyze, and manage software requirements
What does MVC stand for?
Model, View, Controller.
What is the difference between verification and validation?
Verification asks whether we are building the product right; validation asks whether we are building the right product.
What does KISS stand for?
Keep It Simple, Stupid
What is a sprint in Scrum?
A fixed-length iteration of one month or less used to produce a valuable, usable increment
What is the difference between functional and non-functional requirements?
Functional requirements describe what the system does; non-functional requirements describe how well it performs
Which UML diagram type describes interactions or changes over time: structural or behavioral?
Behavioral diagrams
Which type of testing checks interactions between combined components?
Integration testing.
What is polymorphism?
The ability to use a common interface for objects that may implement different behaviors.
What is the primary responsibility of the Product Owner?
Maximizing product value and managing the Product Backlog
What is the purpose of the WRSPM reference model?
To distinguish and connect real-world requirements, specifications, programs, and environmental assumptions.
What is the difference between microservices and layered architecture?
Microservices divide an application into independently deployable services; layered architecture organizes responsibilities into layers
Can software testing guarantee a completely bug-free system?
No. Testing can reveal defects but cannot guarantee that none remain.
What does YAGNI mean in software development?
You Aren't Gonna Need It
What is the difference between a Scrum Master and a Product Owner?
The Scrum Master helps establish effective Scrum practices; the Product Owner maximizes product value and manages backlog priorities.
What is technical debt?
The future cost of extra work caused by choosing a quick or suboptimal technical solution today.
What is intellectual distance in software design?
The gap between a real-world problem and the software solution representing it
Name the main phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC).
Requirement analysis, test planning, test case development, test environment setup, test execution, and test closure.
Why might composition be preferred over inheritance?
Composition provides flexible reuse by combining objects and often reduces tight coupling and rigid class hierarchies
Name the four core values of the Agile Manifesto.
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools; working software over comprehensive documentation; customer collaboration over contract negotiation; responding to change over following a plan