Cardiovascular & Shock
This type of shock results from the heart’s inability to pump effectively, leading to decreased cardiac output.
What is cardiogenic shock?
This ventilator setting maintains positive pressure in the lungs at the end of expiration to improve oxygenation.
What is PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure)?
This complication can occur if a chest tube becomes dislodged or blocked, leading to lung collapse.
What is a pneumothorax?
This early stage of shock may show subtle signs like anxiety and restlessness.
What is the initial stage of shock?
This ECG change is commonly associated with myocardial infarction.
What is ST-segment elevation?
This condition occurs when myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply, causing chest pain without permanent damage.
What is angina pectoris?
Good mouth care can help to avoid this Mechanical Ventilator (MV) complication that can develop as early as 48hr after intubation
What is VAP (Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia)?
Prolonged immobility and anesthesia can lead to this complication, which can be prevented with cough & deep breathing exercises and use of an incentive spirometer.
What is atelectasis?
This stage of shock involves worsening tissue hypoxia and metabolic acidosis.
What is the progressive stage of shock?
This condition involves a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta that can rupture if untreated.
What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
This device delivers electrical impulses to maintain an adequate heart rate when the heart’s conduction system fails.
What is a pacemaker?
This diagnostic test measures arterial levels, which determine acid–base balance, the need for or ability to wean from a ventilator, and respiratory status.
What is an ABG (arterial blood gas)? (Includes PH, CO2, HCO3, and PaO2)
This intervention, along with oral hygiene, reduces the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia by elevating the head of the bed.
What is semi-Fowler’s position (30–45 degrees)?
This complication of sepsis involves persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation.
What is septic shock?
This condition involves accumulation of blood in the pleural space, often requiring chest tube drainage and close monitoring for signs of hypovolemic shock.
What is hemothorax?
This dysrhythmia is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm with no distinct P waves, and complications include thrombus formation--> embolism
What is atrial fibrillation?
This complication of mechanical ventilation occurs when alveoli are overdistended and rupture.
What is barotrauma?
On an ECG, this phase represents ventricular contraction with electrical activation, while the other reflects recovery and preparation for the next heartbeat.
What are depolarization (contraction) and repolarization (recovery)?
This type of shock occurs when there is a significant loss of intravascular volume, leading to decreased preload, reduced cardiac output, and inadequate tissue perfusion.
What is hypovolemic shock?
What is heart block?
This life-threatening accelerated arrhythmia involves rapid ventricular contractions that may lead to cardiac arrest.
What is ventricular tachycardia (V tach)?
This lung condition involves widespread inflammation and increased permeability leading to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
What is ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)?
This priority nursing intervention after this cardiac surgery focuses on preventing graft occlusion by promoting early ambulation and monitoring for dysrhythmias.
What is CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting)?
This stage of shock is characterized by activation of mechanisms like increased heart rate and vasoconstriction to maintain blood pressure and perfusion.
What is the compensatory stage of shock?
This finding of palpable crackling or “popping” under the skin around a chest tube site indicates air has escaped into the subcutaneous tissue.
What is subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus)?