Brain basics
This is the largest part of the brain, responsible for higher thought processes like reasoning and voluntary movement
cerebrum
What lobe of the brain is responsible for decision making, judgment, movement, and motor control?
Frontal lobe
What is the difference between broca’s aphasia and wernicke’s aphasia? where are they located?
Broca's aphasia: able to understand language, but not produce words - frontal lobe
Wernicke's aphasia: able to produce words, but not understand language - temporal lobe
What is a neuron?
What neurotransmitter is important for muscle movement and memory?
Acetylcholine
This part of the brain coordinates balance and fine motor skills
cerebellum
What lobe is responsible for vision input processing?
Occipital lobe
Where is the motor association area located?
Frontal lobe
What are neuroglia?
These cells support and protect neurons
What neurotransmitter helps control mood, sleep, and appetite? Which neurotransmitter is related to reward and motivation?
Serotonin, Dopamine
The "emotional brain" is known as this system.
limbic system; controls emotion, memory, behavior, and is related to olfaction
What lobe is responsible for olfaction and auditory input?
Temporal lobe
What is the function of the primary motor cortex? Is all motor control equalized throughout the body? explain.
Allows conscious control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements. NO! some parts of the body (ex. face, lips, tongue) have more neurons for motor control than others
What is the myelin sheath?
The insulating layer that increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission.
Which neurotransmitter is the brain’s main excitatory signal?
Glutamate
Name the layers of the meninges from superficial to deep. Where does cerebral spinal fluid circulate?
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, (subarachnoid space), Pia mater
Which lobe is responsible for sensory processing form the skin, musculoskeletal system, viscera, and taste buds?
What are ventricles and their function? How many ventricles are there? list them.
Ventricles = potential space; opening within the brain that are able to produce and fill with CSF
What cells produce myelin in the PNS?
Schwann cells
Which neurotransmitter is the brain’s main inhibitory signal?
GABA
Draw a brain and label the following: cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
Check notes for correct labeling!
Draw a sagittal (side) view of a brain and label the following lobes and gyri: frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus
Check notes for correct labeling!
List the main fxs and location of the following:
Primary somatosensory cortex, Primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex, primary gustatory cortex, primary olfactory cortex
Primary Somatosensory Cortex: Postcentral gyrus, parietal lobe — processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, proprioception.
Primary Visual Cortex: Occipital lobe — processes visual information (light, color, shape, movement).
Primary Auditory Cortex: Superior temporal gyrus, temporal lobe — processes sound (pitch, volume, rhythm).
Primary Gustatory Cortex: Insula — perceives taste (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami).
Primary Olfactory Cortex: Medial temporal lobe — interprets smell.
What cells produce myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Which neurotransmitter is part of the fight-or-flight response?
Norepinephrine