The Nature of Science
What is the standard system of units used for most scientific studies and experiments?
SI units (Systeme International d'Unites)
What is the name of the reference point of lines of latitude?
Equator (0 degrees)
What is all matter made of?
Elements
How can minerals form?
From Magma and Solutions
What are formed from the crystallization of magma?
Igneous Rocks
How is scientific notation expressed?
A number multiplied by a power of 10
What is the reference point for lines of longitude?
Prime Meridian (0 degrees)
What are the components of an atom (what is it made up of) and what are the charges of each component?
Protons (+ positive)
Neutron (no charge/neutral)
Electrons (- Negative)
Which elements are most common in minerals?
Oxygen and silicon
When some minerals melt at low temperatures while others remain solid this is called what?
Partial melting
What are the four steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
Question, Test, Analyze and Conclude
What are a map scale and a map legend?
Ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on Earth
Map legend explains what the symbols on a map mean
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
What is an ore?
A mineral that contains a useful substance that can be mined at a profit.
When different minerals form at different temperatures this is called what?
Fractional crystallization
What are the 4 scopes of Earth Science?
Astronomy- things beyond earth atmosphere
Meteorology- air surrounding Earth
Geology- materials (rocks) that make up Earth
Oceanography- Earth's oceans
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
Arrangement of electromagnetic radiation according to wavelengths
What is a compound?
A substance that is composed of atoms of 2 or more different elements
What are the characteristics of a mineral?
Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, specific chemical composition and definite crystalline structure
Coarse-grained igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s surface
Intrusive Igneous rocks
What are the 4 systems of Earth Science?
Lithosphere- Earth's crust
Hydrosphere- All of the water on Earth
Atmosphere- gasses surrounding Earth
Biosphere- all organisms on Earth
What are the 4 types of maps?
Topographic
Conic projection
Gnomonic projection
Mercator projection
2 atoms SHARE a pair of electrons
What are the seven tests used to help identify minerals?
Streak, Hardness, Color, Luster, Texture, Cleavage/Fracture, and Density/Specific Gravity
What kind of change is represented on the right side of the Bowens reaction series?
Continuous