Food Choices & Nutrition Tools (Chapters 1 & 2)
Carbohydrates, fat, and proteins are energy-yielding nutrients referred to as...
What are macronutrients?
This digestive fluid is made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released in response to fat intake to help emulsify fats.
What is bile?
This single sugar, or monosaccharide, is the preferred fuel for the brain, red blood cells, and nervous system. Also referred to as blood sugar.
What is glucose?
This is the main form of fat found in foods and in the human body.
What are triglycerides?
These are the building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
This type of research study can reveal a correlation between chronic diseases and diet.
What is an epidemiological study?
This hormone acts to lower blood glucose after a meal.
What is insulin?
This disaccharide is made up of glucose and galactose and is commonly associated with intolerances.
What is lactose?
This process adds hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids to make fat more solid and resistant to oxidation.
What is hydrogenation?
This chemical element makes the structure of protein unique from the other macronutrients.
What is nitrogen?
Food subjected to milling, alteration of texture, the addition of additives, cooking, etc.
What are processed foods?
These vessels transport the products of fat digestion and fat-soluble vitamins to ultimately take them to the large blood vessel near the heart.
What are the lymph vessels?
This highly branched polysaccharide is made and held in the liver and muscle tissues as a storage form of glucose.
What is glycogen?
These lipids are associated with protein and serve as transport vehicles for lipids.
What are lipoproteins?
A growing child would need additional protein and, therefore, would be in _________ nitrogen balance.
What is positive (nitrogen balance)?
This DRI value determines the adequacy of nutrients or nutrient intake goals in the diet when scientific data are insufficient.
What are Adequate Intakes (AIs)?
This alkaline compound is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the small intestine.
What is bicarbonate?
These are tough, fibrous structures of fruits, vegetables, and grains that are indigestible food components that do not dissolve in water.
What is insoluble fiber?
This type of lipid is similar to triglycerides but contains phosphorus in place of one of the fatty acids and acts as an emulsifier.
What are phospholipids?
This is the DRI for protein for adults.
What is 0.8 g/kg of body weight?
This type of health claim is legal but largely unregulated by the Food & Drug Administration.
This portion of the GI tract is the major site of food digestion and nutrient absorption.
When too little carbohydrate is present, the body uses these fat products instead of glucose for energy.
What are ketones (or ketone bodies)?
This type of fat is found within the abdomen and is associated with greater health risks.
What is visceral fat?
Combining two or more incomplete proteins to ensure all of the essential amino acids are supplied is known as a...
What are complementary proteins?