Vocab
Agreements made between the Canadian government and First Nations (Treaties 1–11) where First Nations shared land in exchange for money, reserves, and promises like education and aid.
what is Numbered Treaties
A policy of forcing a cultural group to give up its traditions and adopt the dominant culture.
what is Assimilation
Goods sent to other countries to be sold (e.g., wheat shipped from the Prairies).
what is Export
Government- and church-run schools that Indigenous children were forced to attend, aimed at removing their culture and language and making them adopt European ways.
what is Residential Schools
Areas of land set aside by the government for First Nations to live on after signing treaties.
what is Reserves
A law enforcement group (now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police) created to maintain order in the West.
what is Northwest Mounted Police
The belief that westward expansion, farming, railways, and settlement were necessary to build Canada and grow the economy.
what is Government Perspective
Yearly payments made by the government to First Nations as part of treaty agreements.
what is Annuities
Efforts to attract settlers (especially immigrants) to move to Western Canada.
what is Recruitment
The view that treaties were meant to protect their land, culture, and way of life, not to give up control or be forced to change.
what is First Nations Perspective
Tools, seeds, livestock, and training promised to First Nations to help them transition to farming.
what Is Farming Assistance
A railway that connected Eastern and Western Canada, helping transport people and goods across the country (e.g., the Canadian Pacific Railway).
what is Transcontinental Railway
Adjusting to new conditions or changes (e.g., First Nations changing lifestyles after the decline of the buffalo).
what is Adaptation
A plan by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald to strengthen Canada through tariffs, railway building, and western settlement.
what is National Policy