Diabetes
A patient is admitted to the hospital with a fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dL. Which diagnosis is suspected?
a) Prediabetes
b) Ketoacidosis
c) Type 2 diabetes
d) Type 1 diabetes
a) Prediabetes
Which statement by the patient indicates that more education is needed regarding measures to help avoid urinary tract infections?
a. “I will wear cotton-lined underpants.”
b. “I will try to drink 2 L of water every day.”
c. “I will wipe from back to front after voiding.”
d. “I should shower instead of taking bubble baths.”
c. “I will wipe from back to front after voiding.”
The patient with a history of seizures experiences an episode of brief stiffening. Which type of seizure is the patient most likely having?
a. Tonic-clonic
b. Myoclonic
c. Absence
d. Atonic
b. Myoclonic
Which therapeutic dietary measure is the most common for chronic heart failure?
a. Reduction of fat
b. Sodium restriction
c. Increased sodium
d. Reduced caffeine
b. Sodium restriction
An LVN/LPN is at the bedside of a patient with meningitis. Which intervention if found in the nursing care plan should the nurse view as the greatest concern?
a. Monitor the level of consciousness frequently.
b. Position the patient to maintain a patent airway.
c. Elevate the head of the bed at a 45-degree angle.
d. Restrain the patient with chest restraint if restless.
d. Restrain the patient with chest restraint if restless.
Which main characterization applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus?
a) Beta cells are desensitized.
b) There is inadequate endogenous insulin.
c) The body is unable to properly use insulin.
d) There is an absence of endogenous insulin.
d) There is an absence of endogenous insulin.
Which indicator of renal function is considered the most reliable in a patient with renal failure?
a. Urine output
b. Serum creatinine
c. Creatinine clearance
d. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
c. Creatinine clearance
The nurse is giving discharge instruction for a patient who has been newly diagnosed with seizure disorder. Which statement if made by the patient indicates a need for additional teaching regarding the seizure medication?
a. “I do not drink alcohol.”
b. “Proper diet and exercise is important to my recovery.”
c. “When I finish this prescription, I will not need to get a refill.”
d. “I registered for a meditation and visualization class to help with stress relief.”
c. “When I finish this prescription, I will not need to get a refill.”
Which information will the nurse typically expect to hear from the patient diagnosed with stable angina?
a. My chest pain occurs at rest.
b. My chest pain is unpredictable.
c. My chest pain is relieved with nitroglycerin.
d. My chest pain can last for several hours at a time.
c. My chest pain is relieved with nitroglycerin.
Which response is best when a patient at a diabetes clinic asks about the production of insulin?
a. Insulin is produced in the liver.
b. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas.
c. Insulin is produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates.
d. Insulin produced by one’s own body is called exogenous.
b. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas.
When there is a lack of insulin in the body, the blood becomes thick with glucose, causing an increase in osmolality. Which direct result occurs because of increased osmolality?
a) Acidosis
b) Polydipsia
c) Lipoatrophy
d) Glycogenolysis
b) Polydipsia
Over which time period does the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) inflow process occur?
a. 1 hour
b. 10 minutes
c. 30 minutes
d. 4 hours
b. 10 minutes
A patient presents to the clinic with complaints of a severe headache, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs. Which condition do these symptoms suggest?
a. Meningitis
b. Encephalitis
c. Poliomyelitis
d. Guillain-Barré syndrome
a. Meningitis
Which symptoms should the patient diagnosed with heart failure report to the health care provider? (Select all that apply.)
a. Weight gain of 3 to 5 pounds in 1 week or less
b. Foot and ankle swelling
c. Difficulty breathing
d. Weight loss of 3 pounds in 1 week or less
e. Dry cough
a. Weight gain of 3 to 5 pounds in 1 week or less
b. Foot and ankle swelling
c. Difficulty breathing
e. Dry cough
Just before breakfast, the nurse accidently administers 4 units of insulin glargine (Lantus) instead of 4 units of insulin aspart (Novolog). The patient has type 2 diabetes. Which possible consequences can occur for this patient’s blood glucose?
a. Hypoglycemia may occur in the evening.
b. Hyperglycemia may occur in the evening.
c. Blood glucose after breakfast will increase more than usual.
d. The mistake has little impact on patient’s blood glucose levels.
c. Blood glucose after breakfast will increase more than usual.
The nurse is caring for a 27-year-old patient with diabetes. The patient takes 6 units of Humalog insulin with each meal along with glipizide (Glucotrol) 5 mg twice a day. Which type of diabetes does the patient’s medications indicate?
a. Type 1 diabetes
b. Type 2 diabetes
c. Gestational diabetes
d. Juvenile-onset diabetes
b. Type 2 diabetes
Which nutritional restrictions are seen in the patient with renal failure? (Select all that apply.)
a. Reduction in carbohydrates
b. Protein restriction
c. Sodium and potassium restriction
d. Fluid restriction
e. Low glycemic index
b. Protein restriction
c. Sodium and potassium restriction
d. Fluid restriction
The patient with a brain injury is at risk for increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which intervention on the care plan should the nurse question?
a. Frequent suctioning
b. Elevate head of bed
c. Strict intake and output
d. Saline lock IV
b. Elevate head of bed
Which nursing interventions are the priority when caring for a patient with acute MI? (Select all that apply.)
a. Pain relief
b. Oxygenation
c. Lifestyle modification
d. Anxiety relief
e. Early ambulation
a. Pain relief
b. Oxygenation
d. Anxiety relief
Which is the most frequent cause of death after an MI?
a. Cardiogenic shock
b. Thromboembolism
c. Sudden cardiac death
d. Ventricular rupture
a. Cardiogenic shock
Which information correctly identifies how insulin affects protein and glucose metabolism? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increases the breakdown of fat.
b. Stimulates protein synthesis in tissues.
c. Increases triglyceride storage in the liver.
d. Inhibits the conversion of protein into glucose.
e. Stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
b. Stimulates protein synthesis in tissues.
d. Inhibits the conversion of protein into glucose.
e. Stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
Which factors predispose a patient to developing renal calculi? (Select all that apply.)
a. Sedentary lifestyle
b. High alcohol intake
c. Hypoparathyroidism
d. Low dietary calcium intake
e. Frequent urinary tract infections
f. Excessive use of calcium-based antacids
a. Sedentary lifestyle
d. Low dietary calcium intake
e. Frequent urinary tract infections
f. Excessive use of calcium-based antacids
The home health nurse is visiting the home of a patient with Parkinson disease. Which observation indicates the need for more education about fall prevention?
a. The patient calls for assistance when getting out of bed.
b. The patient uses a cane to ambulate.
c. Throw rugs have been removed.
d. The patient wears soft slippers when ambulating around the house.
d. The patient wears soft slippers when ambulating around the house.
Which signs and symptoms are typical and expected for a patient with right-sided heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
a. Jugular vein distention
b. Shortness of Breath
c. Dependent edema
d. Cyanosis
e. Fatigue
a. Jugular vein distention
c. Dependent edema
e. Fatigue
Which findings are most likely noted with data collection for a patient with acute renal failure, oliguric stage?
a. Urine output decreases to 100 mL/day or less, and the BUN and creatinine begin to increase for a short period of time.
b. Urine output increases to greater than 400 mL/day and may increase to above 4 L/day, and BUN and creatinine levels decrease.
c. Urine output decreases to 400 mL/day or less, the urine specific gravity is 1.010, and the patient becomes hypervolemic.
d. Urine output, BUN, and creatinine levels return to normal, and recovery has begun, but it may last as long as 1 to 12 months.
c. Urine output decreases to 400 mL/day or less, the urine specific gravity is 1.010, and the patient becomes hypervolemic.