The Big Five of Reading
Teaches students to use the relationship between letters and sounds to translate printed text into pronunciation.
Phonics Instruction
Classifies children as learning via a specific mode or style (e.g., visual or auditory) and matched with more holistic or more phonics-oriented instruction.
Learning Style Model
The ability to understand that stories have a structure.
Story Sense
A teacher asking what the first sound in a word is. "What is the first sound in the word dog?"
Isolating phonemes
The English language has this many sounds
44
The act of understanding and interpreting the information within a text.
Reading Comprehension
Suggests that reading difficulties can be traced to an interaction between the student, the methods or materials used with students, and the broader context in which the student functions.
Contextual Model
Words children recognize instantaneously in print.
Sight Words
Asking a learner to mix the first sound of a word with another segment of a word.
Blending onsets/rimes
In this aspect of phonological awareness, sounds in words can be divided into units of varying sizes (syllables, onsets-rimes, phonemes)
Segmentation
Refers to word meanings and instruction about the teaching of word meanings.
Vocabulary
Suggests that reading consists of three separate components to place learners at to support reading instruction.
Cognitive Model
Attacking words by using the basic parts of the words.
Structural Analysis
Asking a learner to drop a sound from a familiar word
Deleting Phonemes
In this aspect of phonological awareness, words sound the same at the end.
Rhymes
The ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds within words.
Phonemic Awareness
Under this Cognitive Model pathway, part of the goal is to have students and instructors to understand the overall goal of reading and to provide strategies to read and comprehend language.
Strategic Knowledge
Consists of all the words you have heard.
Listening Vocabulary
Asking a student to break apart the number of phonemes in a particular word.
Segmenting Words into Phonemes
In this aspect of phonological awareness, the component sounds in words (such as syllables, rimes, and phonemes) can be combined to form words.
Blending
The ability to read text aloud with accuracy, speed, and proper expression.
Oral Reading Fluency
Under the Cognitive Model, this pathway is said to be the foundational skill for being able to read fluently.
Automatic Word Recognition
Information in the surrounding passages that help readers determine the meaning and pronunciation of words.
Context Clues
Asking a student to change a sound in a familiar word with a different sound.
Substituting Phonemes
In this aspect of phonological awareness, words begin with the same sound.
Alliteration