Topic 1-2
What is the Temperature of "absolute zero"?
-273.15°C
What does it mean to expand?
What does it mean to contract?
To expand is to increase in volume and to contract is the decrease in volume.
What are the 3 states of matter
Solid, liquid, gas
What is energy source?
Energy source is anything that can provide energy in a useful form.
What is temperature?
Temperature is the average speed of the particles in a substance
What are the 3 scales of measuring heat?
Fahrenheit(°F), Celsius(°C),Kelvin(K)
What is energy
Energy is a measure of something's ability to do work (cause changes).
what term goes with this definition:
The amount of thermal energy that warms or cools one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.
Specific heat capacity
Define refrigerant.
A refrigerant is a liquid that can evaporate easily at low temperatures.
What is cogeneration?
Cogeneration is when the waste heat from one industry is reused by another.
a)If it was the hottest day ever reported, what would have your body temperature been?
b)If the air temperature had dropped by 5°C, would you have felt warm or cold?
a)37°C
b) cold
Give an example of each state of matter at room temperature.
Gas-helium, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine
liquid-water, juice
solid-paper,plastic,fabric, gold, diamond
What are the three ways of transferring thermal energy and define them.
a)radiation- the transfer of energy without the use of matter.
b)convection- when a warm fluid moves from place to place carrying thermal energy along with it.
c)conduction- the transfer of thermal energy through direct collisions between particles.
What are 2 problems of global warming?
1. These energy sources are non-renewable and their supplies are running out
2.They produce toxic chemicals which can harm the environment by producing a greenhouse effect resulting in global warming
Why are fossil fuels important to Alberta?
-coal is used to make 80% of Alberta's electrical energy
-readily available
-make up a key part of the economy
What can you identify from your own life that technology doesn't meet?
-Air humidifier that doesn't damage windows
-Robot dog/cat for if people are allergic
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form to another.
What are the 5 features of energy transfer systems?
Energy source, Direction of energy transfer systems, Transformations, waste heat, control systems
What are 3 negative impacts of windmills?
-takes a lot of money
-vibration disturbs the habitat of animals
-sound pollution
-a danger to animals that fly because of huge arms
What are the 4 main forms of energy and give an example of each.
a)chemical-gasoline, batteries, petroleum, coal, natural gas
b)mechanical-pedaling a bike, hammering a nail, brakes
c)nuclear-bomb, uranium
d)electrical-outlet, lightning, toaster, vacuum, turbine, phone
Describe a thermocouple
In a thermocouple, wires made of two different metals are twisted together. When the tips are heated, a small electrical current is formed. This can be used to switch a valve on or off. This can be used to measure high temperatures that ordinary lab thermometers can't but can't measure low temperatures accurately.
What 4 points does the particle model of matter state?
The particle model of matter states that:
-all matter consists of particles too tiny to be observed
-the particles are always in motion-vibrating,rolling, and (in fluids) moving around from place to place
-The particles have space between them
-Adding heat to the matter makes the particles move around faster and cooling the matter makes the particles move slower
What is evaporative cooling?
Evaporative cooling is a process in which the faster-moving particles on the surface of a liquid escape into the air; the slower moving particles, which are left behind, have lower kinetic energy, decreasing the temperature of the remaining liquid and the surface on which it's resting.
What is the greenhouse effect and what is global warming?
The greenhouse effect is when gasses, such as carbon dioxide, form a thick layer which allows the sun's rays to enter because it's a higher concentration, but only allows little heat to leave the atmosphere because the gasses act like the glass that is used in greenhouses. The greenhouse effect is the cause and global warming is the effect.
What are the waves of the Electromagnetic Radiation from low frequency to high frequency?
Radio Waves, microwaves, infrared, Visible Light Spectrum, Ultra Violet rays (U.V), x-ray, gamma rays, cosmic.