Critical Care
This form of shock is characterized by a cardiac index <2.2 L/min/m2 and pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure >15 mmHg
What is cardiogenic shock?
Aspirin should be discontinued for gastrointestinal bleeding when it was prescribed for this indication
What is primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?
This glomerular disease syndrome is characterized by urine protein excretion >3500 mg in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome?
This disease is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain
What is Parkinson disease?
This is the first-line non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for rheumatoid arthritis
What is methotrexate?
This syndrome is characterized by fever, mental status changes, muscle rigidity, and dysautonomia
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Barium esophagography classically shows dilation of the esophagus with narrowing at the gastroesophageal junction in this disease
What is achalasia?
Expected PaCO2 = (1.5 x serum HCO3 + 8) ± 2
What is Winter's formula?
After diagnosis of myathenia gravis, a CT of the chest should be performed to screen for this
What is a thymoma?
Autoantibodies present in Sjögren syndrome
What are anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies?
Diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome can be made with this criteria
What is Berlin criteria?
Interval to next colonoscopy when 3-4 sessile serrated polyps <10 mm or any hyperplastic polyps ≥10 mm in size (range)
What is 3-5 years?
An antiproteinuric agent with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker in type 2 diabetes mellitus should be started for these conditions (2)
What are eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g
Riluzole is the treatment for this disease
What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Evaluation for latent tuberculosis must be done before starting this class of medication
What are tumor necrosis factors inhibitors?
Proning should be considered for acute respiratory distress syndrome when the PO2/FiO2 ratio is below this threshold
What is PO2/FiO2 ratio <150 mmHg?
This phase of hepatitis B infection is characterized by positive HBsAg, negative anti-HBs Ab, positive anti-HBc Ab, positive HBeAg, negative anti-HBe Ab, hepatitis B DNA >1 million IU/mL, and normal or mildly elevated alanine transaminase level
What is immune tolerant chronic hepatitis B infection?
These kidney stones have a characteristic hexagonal crystals on microscopy
What are cystine kidney stones?
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is characterized by this antibody
What are anti–voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies?
Name this crystal arthropathy and refringence pattern described as blue when parallel to and yellow when perpendicular to the polarizing axis of an optical filter
What is calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis (pseudogout) and positive birefringence?
Dantrolene's mechanism of action works on this molecular target
What is ryanodine receptor 1?
This syndrome is characterized by aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and acquired von Willebrand disease
What is Heyde syndrome?
Hereditary nephritis and thin glomerular basement membrane disease are caused by a defect in this
What is type IV collagen?
Cluster headaches and migraines are subtypes of this primary headache syndrome
What is trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia?
This dermatomyositis variant may present with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease
What is anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis?