It's In The Veins
Immobile, smoking, stress, pregnancy, surgery
The amount of pressure in the right atrium is called...
Central venous pressure
This EKG wave represents depolarization of the atria
P wave
Your patient presents to the emergency room with crushing chest pain, hypotension, hypoperfusion, and tissue hypoxia. What type of shock do you suspect?
Cardiogenic or circulatory shock
Whether increased or decreased, this electrolyte shows no abnormalities in ECGs.
Sodium
What is the pathophysiologic source of chronic venous insufficiency
Venous dilation, valvular incompetency, repetitive lifting (caused by increased intraabdominal pain)
Your patients HR is 120. What is the first maneuver you try to decrease the rate.
Vagal maneuver
This node is also called the pacemaker of the heart.
SA node
What symptoms to you expect to see in someone with right-sided heart failure?
Edema
This electrolyte imbalance shows an inverted T wave
Hypokalemia
How do you explain Buerger disease to your patient?
Thromboangitis obliterans is a recurring progressive nonatherosclerotic inflammation and thrombosis of small and medium sized arteries and veins.
What receptors are responsible for detecting the amount of stretch in the heart?
Baroreceptors
You are assessing an ECG of a patient with unstable angina, you observe:
T wave changes
What symptoms do you see in left-sided heart failure?
Blood-tinged sputum, dyspnea, pink frothy sputum.
This electrolyte imbalance causes changes a shortened QT interval, lengthened QRS and bradycardia.
Hypercalcemia.
Name lifestyle changes for hypercholesterolemia.
Smoking cessation, weight reduction if overweight, diet changes to reduce LDL, and exercise
Your client is in heart failure and the SNS is activated to compensate the decreased output. What does the nurse expect to occur.
Increased heart rate and decreased urine output.
Which electrolyte is responsible for the flat physioelectric line?
Calcium
The patient is diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. What is most important for the nurse to assess the client for?
Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back
This electrolyte imbalance is hallmarked by a shortened QRS and lengthened QT segment
Hypocalcemia
Explain superior vena cava syndrome
Progressive occlusion of the SV leads to distention leads to increased upper body venous pressure.
You are teaching your patient about preload. What is the most appropriate information to provide.
Preload represents the volume work of the heart. ie the baroreceptors stretch as the heart fills and the heart squeezes based on the amount.
If you have tall peaked T waves and a widened QRS, what is the suspected abnormality?
Potassium
Your patient has dyspnea, orthopnea, decreased and exercise tolerance. ECG shows inverted T waves and CT shows a reduced cardiac output. What do you suspect?
Cardiomyopathy
What is the normal value of magnesium?
1.5-2.5 mg/dl