T or F
Marine animal extinction is worse than Terrestrial
False, marine life inhabits a larger area and humans can not reach every corner of the global ocean.
The colonization of islands in the southern and western Pacific resulted in....?
Species extinctions between 7th and 14th centuries AD.
What are the tiny plastic particles identified in increasing marine pollution?
Microplastics
Which activity removes large quantities of organisms from the ocean for human use?
Resource Extraction/Fishing
Where do the hawksbill sea turtles nest?
Milman Island, Australia
Humans targeted the smallest valuable marine species first.
False, they targeted the largest and most valuable marine species first.
How many local bird species are estimated to have disappeared in Polynesia after humans settled?
1,000 local bird species
How do waste, sewage, and pollutants get to coastal areas?
What two materials are extracted from the ocean floor for construction and other human uses?
Sand and Gravel
____are removed and dried and sold to Asia as a luxury food, status symbol, and alternative medicine.
Fish swim bladders
The Christian Church prohibited eating meat.
True, this led to an increase in demand for seafood.
Humans initially fished as much as they needed to feed their clan and family, now we see mass fishing, why?
Human population growth, markets for luxury items, and making a living.
What effects do pharmaceuticals and environmental toxins cause?
Reproductive issues and increased mortality rates.
What human activity can destroy beaches, dunes, and seagrass meadows?
Dredging
______have quadrupled in catches which cause a problem for penguins, seals, and baleen whales since it is a main food source.
Antarctic Krill
Steller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) was hunted intensively when first found and now currently has an endangered population.
False, after being discovered by the Europeans it took only 27 years for them to become extinct.
After World War 2, what technological advances increased global fishing?
More Larger and Powerful Ships, New fishing gear, freezing and preservation techniques, and navigation/sonar equipment.
They reinforce each other and create a cascade effect.
What happens to sea turtles when humans extract sand?
Loss of habitat and nesting sites
As the oceans warm and acidify these warm-water ______ will die out because it exceeds their biological limits.
corals
Japan practiced “Satoumi” which is the destruction of sea habitats for food and resources.
False, Satoumi is the practice of rebuilding weakened coastal ecosystems.
What activity that causes irreversible damage to coastal and marine ecosystems has tripled since the beginning of the 2000s?
Sand Extraction
What do fish consume that holds no nutritional value which causes them to starve on a full stomach?
Plastic Waste
Pipelines
Underwater cables.
______can destroy up to ten square meters of coral per year.
Spiny Starfish