cardiac output
The equation to determine cardiac output
What is CO=HR*SV
The cardiomycytes that have the biggest impact on heart rate
What is the autorhythmic cardiomyocyte?
The equation to determine stroke volume
What is EDV-ESV=SV?
A substance that influences heart rate by acting on the electrical conduction system of the heart
What is a chronotrope
The center that adjusts cardiac activity based on different stimuli
What is the cardiac center?
What is the average cardiac output for a healthy adult? Include values for heart rate and stroke volume
CO= 5.25 L/min
HR= 75bpm
SV=70mL/beat
Tachycardia is defined as
heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate of 100 beats per minute in adults
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricles after full ventricular contraction
what is ESV?
A substance that affects the force of your heart's contractions
What is an inotrope?
The division of the sympathetic nervous system responsible for increasing heart rate
What is the cardioacceleratory center?
Calculate HR from the following
CO= 7.2 L/min
SV= 80mL/beat
90bpm
An individual has an End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) of 120 mL and an End-Systolic Volume (ESV) of 40 mL. What is their ejection fraction (EF)?
Ejection fraction is: EF = (SV / EDV) x 100.
First, SV = 120 - 40 = 80 mL.
Then, (80 / 120) x 100 = 66.7%.
The parasympathetic nervous system releases this neurotransmitter to affect heart rate
What is ACh?
The division of the parasympathetic nervous center responsible for decreasing heart rate
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the standard mathematical formula for calculating cardiac output (CO), and what are its typical units?
CO=HR X SV, expressed in liters per minute
Describe how someone that regularly engages in physical activity might have a lower resting heart rate
Exercise enlarges and strengthens the heart, each pump delivers more blood, the heart needs fewer beats to supply the body with oxygen while at rest
Describe the relationship between afterload and stroke volume
Afterload and stroke volume have an inverse relationship. An increase in afterload results in decreased stroke volume, and a decrease in afterload results in increased stroke volume
How does norepinephrine affect heart rate at the cellular level?
It increases the rate of depolarization and raises the frequency of action potentials
The location of the cardiac center
What is the medulla oblongota?
Why is cardiac output important?
It measures the total amount of blood your heart pumps each minute, which ensures your organs and tissues get the vital oxygen and nutrients they need to survive
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, how does an increase in venous return directly affect end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume?
Which of the following is a positive inotrope?
Why does the parasympathetic division only affect heart rate? How does the sympathetic division compare?
The parasympathetic division (CN X) only affects heart rate because it only innervates the SA and AV nodes, compared to the sympathetic dvision which innervates the SA and AV nodes in addition to the ventricular myocardium, which affects contractility.