Electrons and Orbitals
How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?
Is the C-H bond Polar, Non-Polar, or Ionic.
Non-Polar
What donates a proton? Acid or Base?
Acid
Which term describes how fast a reaction happens: kinetics or thermodynamics?
kinetics
Why don't core electrons participate in bonding?
They're too stable
What is the shape of CO2?
Linear
What is more stable. A negative formal charge on C or O?
If ΔG < 0, is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous?
spontaneous
What has a larger atomic size, Carbon or Oxygen?
Carbon
How many σ and π bonds are in benzene?
12 σ and 3 π bonds
What is the conjugate base of H3O+?
H2O
When a compound loses an oxygen, what is it? An oxidation or reduction?
reduction
Draw H2O with all bonds and lone pairs.
H-..O..-H
Give me the Hybridization of all benzene's carbons.
All sp2
What's the better acid, HF or HI?
HI
Across a row → electronegativity dominates.
Down a column ↓ size + bond strength dominate.
In the reaction Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺, is iron oxidized or reduced?
oxidized
Draw a Carbon compound with a (-) formal charge on Carbon.
C(x)3 with 2 lone pairs
Draw the Dipole movement of CF4. Then tell me if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
All arrows should be going away from carbon and it is nonpolar.
What mainly makes R-COOH such a good Acid?
Resonance
If given enough time and energy, what would give you the more stable product? ΔGA=-20kJ or ΔGB=-18kJ
ΔGA=-20kJ