Landform Features
Image 1
Arch
What are the 2 forces that determine the swash and backwash direction during longshore drift?
Swash - Prevailing wind
Backwash - Gravity
What are 3 ways that erosion is carried out
Options:
- Hydraulic Action
- Wave pounding
- Abrasion
- Attrition
- Corrosion
What 3 elements are found (meet) at the coast?
Wind, land and water
What country is Mr. De Winter from?
Canada
Image 2
Spit
What is longshore drift?
Beach material is transported along the coast by waves, in the direction of the prevailing wind.
Why do bays and headlands form?
Waves erode softer rock, which continues to retreat inland to become a bay. At the same time, hard rock maintains its structure for much longer and is less affected by the waves, creating a headland out at sea
What are 2 differences between a constructive and deconstructive wave?
Constructive:
- Strong swash
- Long wavelength waves
- Low, shallow gradient waves
- Weak backwash
Deconstructive:
- Weak swash (plunges)
- Strong backwash
- Short wavelength
- Tall, steep waves
Mr. De Winter played 3 main sports growing up. What were they?
Ice hockey, Soccer (Football), Lacrosse
Image 3
Cyclone
Describe where a salt marsh is found. Why is it found here?
Saltmarshes form in sheltered areas behind a spit or a sand bar, where it is exposed in low tide and flooded in high tide.
Along lines of weakness between high and low water marks, something is created at the bottom of a cliff, with the top of the cliff hanging over. What is this called?
Wave-cut Notch
What are the two types of coastal defense engineering techniques? Describe each of them.
Hard engineering - Artificial, expensive coastal defenses made by humans
Soft engineering - Natural, inexpensive coastal defenses that are sustainable
Mr. De Winter has survived which type of natural storm?
Tornado
Image 4
Gabions
Why might a spit stop extending outwards in the direction of longshore drift?
There could be a river or estuary flowing past the end of the spit, preventing it from growing any further
There could be a secondary wind that is changing the direction of the waves hitting the spit
What is the sequence of erosion landforms?
(Starting with a crack in the headland and ending with a stump)
crack - cave - arch - stack - stump
What are the 3 names for tropical storms. Are there any differences between them? (Hint: Depends on location)
Hurricanes - Atlantic ocean
Typhoon - south pacific
Cyclone - southern hemisphere in Oceania
There are no differences between the storms
Mr. De Winter's relatives own a farm that makes which type of food? (Hint, it is a liquid)
Maple Syrup
Image 5
Atoll
How do sand dunes form on beaches?
The wind blows sand further inland up the beach, plants such as marram grass grow to trap more sand and support their structure
Why does an arch eventually become separated into a cliff and a stack
The water erodes the sides of the arch, creating a bigger gap between the rocks and weakening the rock connecting the land, eventually collapsing due to gravity
How does a wave form as it approached the coast?
As a wave approaches the coast, its speed decreases due to friction with the seafloor, causing it to become steeper and taller. Eventually the energy at the top of the wave is so much greater than the energy at the bottom, that the wave breaks towards the shore.
Who is the better teacher: Mr. De Winter or Mr. Gunson (only one correct answer)
Mr. De Winter Obviously