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A gigantic wave of seawater caused by an earthquake in oceanic crust.
tsunami
A rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies.
Igneous Rock
T or F
Plate tectonics have been slowly moving and interacting for billions of years.
Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things
The average weather conditions of a particular area
Climate
An underwater volcano that forms wherever magma is erupting through oceanic crust
seamount
A rock that is made of sediments that have been naturally compacted and cemented together.
Sedimentary Rock
What do myths help explain?
unpredictable natural events
A continuous series of events through which a rock is transformed from one type to another.
Rock Cycle
A rough, irregular surface
Rugged
A process that moves sediments to a new location.
Erosion
What do geysers, volcanoes, and hot springs have in common?
they form both along plate boundaries and above hot spots
What part of the earth is solid; made of very hot metal; may be nearly as hot as the sun’s surface; innermost layer
Inner Core
Mountains that form where two plates collide and force layers of rock into folds
Fold Mountains
Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
Ice wedging
A process that breaks down rocks by changing the minerals they contain.
Chemical Weathering
What did scientists observe that provided evidence that the Earth had changed over time?
the same types of rocks and fossils were found in different places
A volcano that has not erupted for at least 10,000 years and is not likely to erupt again.
Extinct
A mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted from normal faults.
fault-block mountains
A volcano that has erupted in the past 10,000 years and is likely to erupt again.
Active
A rock that forms when minerals in other types of rocks are altered due to extreme heat and pressure
Metamorphic Rock
The study of the makeup of the earth and the processes that change and shape it is called
Geology
A volcano that hasn’t erupted for a long time but could erupt again.
Dormant
What part of the earth is liquid; made of very hot metal
Outer Core
What part of the earth is thin; rocky; outermost layer; two types: oceanic and continental?
Crust