Science
What is a force?
What is a push or a pull?
Give an example of a balanced force.
What is a book sitting on a table?
Give an example of an unbalanced force.
What is a rocket launching into space?
What happens to an object when forces are balanced?
What is the object remains at rest if at rest or in constant motion if it is already in motion?
What happens to an object when forces are unbalanced?
What is the object will speed up, slow down, or change direction?
What is gravity?
What is the force that pulls things down to Earth?
Name one thing gravity does on Earth.
What direction does gravity pull objects?
What is down towards Earth's surface?
Name the six simple machines.
What is inclined plane, wedge, screw, wheel and axle, pulley, and lever?
Which simple machine is used to lift a flag on a flagpole?
What is a pulley?
What is a lever used for?
What is to make lifting or moving something heavy easier?
Predict what will happen if you push a ball on a smooth floor and then stop pushing.
What is the ball would move the farthest on a smooth floor because it has less friction?
Describe what happens if two people of equal strength pull on opposite ends of a rope.
What is an example of a balanced force? Neither side will win "tug of war" if they are both pulling with equal and opposite forces.
Explain why a ball falls to the ground when you drop it.
What is gravity? Gravity pulls things back down to Earth's surface.
Describe what would happen if Earth’s gravity stopped working for one minute.
What is everything would float into the air because gravity wouldn’t be pulling us down?
Explain how an inclined plane makes work easier.
What is it lets you use less force by spreading the work out over a longer distance?
Describe how a wheel and axle changes the force needed to move a heavy object.
What is it makes the object easier to move by reducing the amount of force needed?
Explain how you can tell if forces on a toy car are balanced or unbalanced.
What is balanced forces if the car is at rest, or in a constant speed? Unbalanced forces would cause the toy car to speed up, slow down, or change directions (like hitting a door and bouncing into another room).
Describe what happens to a book when you push it across a table and then let go.
What is the book moves across the table because of your push, and then it slows down and stops when you let go because of friction?
Explain how using a lever to lift a heavy rock requires less effort than lifting the rock without the lever.
What is using a lever lets you push down on one end to lift the rock on the other end, so it takes less effort than lifting it with just your hands?
Explain how the use of a pulley changes the direction of a force.
What is a pulley lets you pull down on a rope to lift something up, so it changes the direction of the force?
Give evidence from your observations to show that gravity works on all objects, not just heavy ones.
What is a string dropping back to the ground?
Design an experiment to compare how different surfaces (carpet, tile, wood) affect the movement of a toy car, and explain what your results would show about balanced and unbalanced forces.
What is the car would move the farthest on smooth surfaces (like wood or tile) because they have less friction? The car would move the least on rough surfaces like carpet because the friction would slow or stop the car from moving.
Construct an argument to support the claim that gravity affects a falling apple.
What is the apple falls toward the ground instead of floating away, showing that gravity pulls it down?
Compare and contrast a wedge and an inclined plane by describing how each is used to change force.
What is a wedge changes force by splitting or cutting things apart, while an inclined plane changes force by making it easier to move something up or down, so both help us do work with less effort?