Properties of Matter
What is a physical property?
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance's identity (e.g., color, shape).
What is a chemical change?
A change that results in the formation of new chemical substances, such as rusting or burning.
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of an object in motion.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force of gravity acting on that mass.
What is a physical change?
A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance without altering its chemical composition (e.g., melting ice).
What is potential energy?
The stored energy of an object due to its position or state.
How can you tell if a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas?
Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.
What happens during a phase change?
A substance changes from one state of matter to another, such as melting from solid to liquid.
How does energy transfer occur?
Energy transfer occurs when energy moves from one object or system to another, such as heat moving from a hot object to a cooler one.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is an example of a reversible change?
Melting ice is a reversible change; it can be frozen back into ice.
What is thermal energy?
The total energy of all the particles in an object, related to temperature.
What is density?
Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, often expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
What is an example of an irreversible change?
Baking a cake is an irreversible change; it cannot be turned back into its original ingredients.
What are the forms of energy?
The main forms of energy include kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, and nuclear energy.