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former slaves who were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment
freedmen
Northern businessmen, named for the suitcases they carried, who traveled south to help rebuild the Southern economy
carpetbaggers
America's first national park
Yellowstone National Park
laws in Southern states that only Black Americans had to obey
Black Codes
the practice of separating people by skin color
segregation
railroad that crosses the United States from coast to coast
transcontinental railroad
organization formed by Congress after the end of the Civil War designed to help provide for freed slaves and any poor Southern family for one year
Freedmen's Bureau
Southerners wo supported the Union and joined with dishonest carpetbaggers to make a profit
scalawags
person who farmed for a landowner to receive part of the crop profit
sharecropper
educator and founder of Tuskegee Institute
Booker T. Washington
mail delivery using a relay system of horses and riders that delivered mail between Missouri and California in only ten days
Pony Express
place where a Union Pacific locomotive traveling west met a Central Pacific locomotive traveling east, marking the completion of the transcontinental railroad with a golden spike
Promontory Summit, Utah
seventeenth U.S. president; became president after Lincoln's death
Andrew Johnson
eighteenth U.S. president
Ulysses S. Grant
to bring criminal charges against a public official
impeach
institute founded in Tuskegee, Alabama, to educate Black men and women
Tuskegee Institute
inventor of the telegraph
Samuel Morse
rebuilding of Southern states after the Civil War
Reconstruction
unjust treatment of another person because of a category such as race or skin color
discrimination
organization created to track and predict weather patterns in the United States
National Weather Bureau
Rutherford B. Hayes
company that operated banks, carried mail, and offered travel in the West by stagecoach
Wells Fargo
group within the Republican Party that wanted the government to control the recovery of the Southern states from the Civil War
Radicals
declared that freedmen were citizens of the United States
Fourteenth Amendment
declared that no man could be kept from voting because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
Fifteenth Amendment
first Black American to serve in Congress
Hiram Rhodes Revels
central prairie area of the United States; called the "Breadbasket of America" because of all the grain produced there
Great Plains
group within the Republican Party that wanted the Southern states to make decisions on their own about recovery
Conservatives
congressional bill that divided the Southern states into five military districts to aid in recovery
Reconstruction Act of 1867
government department created to ensure fair treatment to newly freed slaves
first former enslaved Black American to serve in Congress
Joseph Rainey
bill allowing a settler to claim up to 160 acres of land for a low price if they would improve the land and live on it for at least five years
Homestead Act
law declaring that all people born in the United States, except for Native Americans still living as tribes, were citizens of the United States with full and equal benefit of all laws
Civil Rights Act of 1866
agreement in Congress that brought an end to Reconstruction
Compromise of 1877