Heat Disorders
What is the body's thermoregulator?
hypothalamus
What is Raynauds syndrome?
bilateral spams of digital BV
digits become cold, pale, and numb followed by red and swelling
How does altitude sickness occur and what do you do to fix it?
rapid ascent to above 8200 ft
go back down
How do you treat shock?
treat the cause
- if the face is red raise the head, if the face is pale raise the tail
- give O2
- loosen clothes
- no food or drink
- reasses vitals
- transport
What system is involved with swelling?
lymphatic system
What does heat exhaustion often have the same symptoms of?
shock
What are the temperatures for mild, moderate, severe, and likely death for hypothermia?
mild = 95 and above
moderate = below 95
severe = below 90
death = below 86
Who is more at risk for altitude sickness?
out of shape, exertion, alcohol/smoking
Give 3 types of shock. Which is the most common?
hypovolemic, anaphylactic, metabolic, septic, neurogenic, psychogenic, cardiogenic, respiratory
hypovolemic
What is exertional hyponatremia?
too low on sodium
What causes heat cramps and who usually gets them?
Can't replenish electrolytes fast enough
conditioned athletes
What are symptoms of cold induced bronchospasm?
dyspnea, SOB, coughing, chest tightness, wheezing
Why is high altitude cerebral edema dangerous?
can lead to altered consciousness then coma then death
What is the key sign of shock?
steadily falling blood pressure
How does your body lose heat?
sweating and evaporation
acclimatize 10 -14 days in advance
hydrate pre, during, and post
weight charts
practice at cooler times
light weight and light colored clothes
good nutrition
be fit
watch urine color
You have a friend who has been climbing a mountain for the past 2 days and has acquired hypothermia. Would you rewarm her or would you send her to a hospital to rewarm?
Hospital because the cooling happened gradually and they need to watch the body's systems as she is rewarmed
What is the most important thing to do after someone is struck by lightning?
rescue breaths
List 3 signs/symptoms of shock.
rapid & weak pulse, rapid & shallow breathing, profuse sweating, extreme thirst, dizziness, dull eyes, cool, clammy skin, pale skin, nausea/vomiting, decreased LOC, decreasing BP
How quickly can you de-acclimatize?
2-3 weeks
You have an athlete whose temperature is 105. They have a rapid and weak pulse, red hot skin, confusion, irritation, and they are walking unsteadily. What is the possible diagnosis and what are your next steps to help them?
Heat stroke
Cold water immersion, call 911 - however do not lot them transport until the athlete is cooled down to 102
Why would you not want to rewarm a frost bitten finger with hot water?
Because they have a lack of sensation in the finger and would not be able to tell whether the water was burning them or not.
What is the NCAA rule for lightning?
if there is 30 sec from flash to bang (6 miles away) you need to find shelter. You can return 30 minutes after the last 30 sec flash to bang.
Why would someone experiencing shock have a rapid & weak pulse and rapid & shallow breathing?
rapid and weak pulse = there is not enough pressure in the blood vessels for the blood to get pumped back to the heart so the heart tries to compensate by pumping faster to try and send more blood out to increase the pressure. However there is a loss of volume so there is not enough blood to create the high pressure plus the heart is pumping so fast that there is not enough time for it to accurately refill and therefore it is sending out inadequate amounts of blood.
Rapid and shallow breathing = your diaphragm controls bleeding. the diaphragm is a muscle. muscles require oxygen to work properly. blood carries oxygen to muscles, but the blood is not getting properly pumped through the body. therefore, the diaphragm doesn't have enough oxygen to work properly so breathing turns shallow. and the body tries to compensate for the shallowness of breaths by increasing the number of breaths.
How much lost liquid do you need to replenish after working out?
150% of loss
1 lb lost = 24 oz to drink