The Heart
What is the normal rhythm of the heart called?
sinus rhythm
Thickening of the ventricular wall is the main characteristic of which cardiac disorder?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Which cardiac disorder results from arthrosclerosis?
coronary heart disease (CHD)
How often can you administer Naloxone?
Every 2-3 minutes
What are the signs of ROSC?
breathing, coughing, movement and palpable pulse/ measurable BP
ventricular fibrillation
Which disorder occurs when the heart wall muscles get replaced with fibrofatty tissue overtime?
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or dysplasia (ARVC/D)
What disorder is nicknamed the concussion of the heart?
Commotio cordis
How does Naloxone work?
kicks opioids off the receptors in the brain
What is the single greatest factor affecting survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
the time interval from arrest to defibrillation
atrial fibrillation
A systolic murmur is a key indication of which disorder?
mitral valve prolapse
List 3 signs/symptoms of AMI
sudden onset weakness, chest pain/discomfort that lasts longer than 3-5 minutes, nausea/vomiting, pain in lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, or neck, ill appearance, extreme exhaustion/fatigue, SOB/dyspnea, pink frothy sputum, syncope
What is the Opioid Triad?
1. respiratory depression (slow shallow breathing)
2. pinpoint pupils
3. unconscious or severely sleepy (CNS is depressed)
What is the adult cardiac chain of survival?
1. recognition of an emergency
2. early high-quality CPR
3. early defibrillation
4. advanced life support
5. integrated post-cardiac arrest care
6. recovery
ventricular tachycardia
What is Marfan Syndrome?
Bonus: what causes it?
Ventricular tachycardia induced by intense emotional stress/exercise is a characteristic of what disorder?
catecholamingeric polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
List 3 opioid withdrawal signs/symptoms
agitation, anxiety, restlessness, tachycardia, diaphoresis, mydriasis, body aches, runny nose/tearing, yawning, GI upset, goosebumps
What is the pediatric cardiac chain of survival?
1. prevention of cardiac arrest
2. rapid activation of EMS
3. early high-quality CPR
4. advanced life support
5. integrated post-cardiac arrest care
6. recovery
What are the 3 circuits of blood flow throughout the body?
Bonus: what do each of them do?
coronary circulation: blood supply to the heart
pulmonary circulation: pathway by which the blood becomes oxygenated
systemic circulation: process and network through which all organs and tissues within the body receive O2 and nutrients
List 3 signs/symptoms of Myocarditis
disproportionate dyspnea on exertion, chest pain, arrhythmia, palpation, syncope
How can long QT syndrome be acquired?
medications, malnutrition leading low blood potassium or low blood magnesium
Using the idea of half-lives, explain why you may have to administer more than 1 dose of naloxone
Most opioid based drugs have a half life of anywhere between 2-8 hours. This means that in 2-8 hours half the amount of whatever drug will still be in your system. Naloxone has a half life of 20-90 minutes. This means that naloxone will leave the body before the opioid which can result in the opioid reattaching to the receptors in the brain meaning the patient will not get better. You would administer multiple doses in order to prolong the affects of naloxone so that there is still enough naloxone in the body by the time the opioid is removed.
You are performing CPR on a patient and you see the patient experience a myoclonic jerk,, what do you do?
ignore it and continue with CPR; myoclonic jerking is not to be mistaken for a seizure