Blood & Hematology
This blood component is mostly water but also carries proteins and electrolytes like a VIP shuttle.
What is plasma?
People with this blood type never have to say, "Do you have another option?"
What is AB (universal recipient)?
During a bacterial invasion, these immune system first responders arrive before everyone else.
What are neutrophils?
This antibody is associated with allergic reactions and overreacting to harmless things.
What is IgE?
The body's oversized lymphoid organ hanging out in the upper left quadrant.
What is the spleen?
Virus-infected cells release this warning signal to neighboring cells.
What is interferon?
This chamber has the thickest myocardium because leg day never ends for it.
What is the left ventricle?
This natural pacemaker initiates each heartbeat.
What is the SA node?
This vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
What is the aorta?
If edema is decreasing appropriately, interstitial fluid is moving into these structures.
What are lymphatic capillaries
These tiny cellular oxygen delivery drivers survive about four months before retirement.
What are erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
This Rh mismatch between mom and baby can create major newborn drama.
What is Rh-negative mother and Rh-positive baby?
These cells often spike during allergies, proving they take hay fever personally.
What are eosinophils?
This antibody provides major defense against viruses, bacteria, and toxins.
What is IgG?
This organ is huge during infancy but shrinks faster than New Year's gym attendance.
What is the thymus?
These cells perform phagocytosis and eat pathogens for breakfast.
What are macrophages?
This chamber receives blood returning from the body through the vena cavae.
What is the right atrium?
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called this.
What is systole?
These vessels bring oxygenated blood back from the lungs.
What are pulmonary veins?
The brachiocephalic trunk divides into these two arterial branches on the right side.
What are the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery?
When oxygen is scarce, this hormone tells the bone marrow, "We're hiring!"
What is erythropoietin?
These markers sit proudly on Type B red blood cells.
What are B antigens?
These immune cells produce antibodies and should probably have their own merchandise line.
What are B lymphocytes?
This type of immunity relies heavily on antibodies to neutralize specific invaders.
What is humoral immunity?
These structures in intestinal villi absorb fats because blood capillaries said, "Not my department."
What are lacteals?
This process occurs when macrophages show antigens to T cells like biological show-and-tell.
What is antigen presentation?
This structure separates the right and left ventricles.
What is the interventricular septum?
This heart sound occurs when the AV valves close.
What is S1?
These arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
What are pulmonary arteries?
The vessel that drains most venous blood from the myocardium is NOT called a cardiac vein. It's this.
What is the coronary sinus?
This plasma protein is the reason fluid doesn't abandon the bloodstream and start a new life in the tissues.
What is albumin?
These antibodies are notably absent in people with Type AB blood.
What are Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies?
These cells remember past infections better than most students remember exam dates.
What are memory cells?
Exposure to a pathogen a second time triggers this rapid immune reaction.
What is the secondary immune response?
This condition occurs when lymph cannot drain properly and starts causing swelling.
What is lymphedema?
These molecules can raise body temperature and contribute to fever.
What are pyrogens?
These "heart strings" prevent AV valve prolapse.
What are chordae tendineae?
This structure allows electrical communication between cardiac muscle cells.
What are intercalated discs?
This vessel collects venous blood from the heart muscle itself.
What is the coronary sinus?
This term describes inflammation of lymphatic vessels, often producing painful red streaks.
What is lymphangitis?
This lymphocyte is less interested in making antibodies and more interested in managing everybody else's business.
What is a T cell?
This blood type is famous for showing up uninvited to transfusion parties and still being welcomed.
What is O negative?
These immune system communicators coordinate attacks through cytokine signaling.
What are T cells?
This form of immunity develops after natural exposure and produces memory cells.
What is naturally acquired active immunity?
This duct returns lymph into the left subclavian vein.
What is the thoracic duct?
This tissue-based lymphoid defense system hangs out in places like the GI tract and lungs.
What is MALT?
This layer is also known as the visceral layer of the pericardium.
What is the epicardium?
This measurement equals the volume ejected from the left ventricle with each beat.
What is stroke volume?
This circulation transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver.
What is hepatic portal circulation?
Blood leaving the left arm has no plans for sightseeing. Its shortest trip to the heart ends through this vena cava.
What is the superior vena cava?
This protein eventually helps become the meshwork preventing your bloodstream from becoming outdoors.
What is fibrinogen?
Virus-infected cells send out this biological group text warning neighboring cells to prepare for battle.
What is interferon
These cells eat pathogens, present antigens, release cytokines, and somehow still aren't getting overtime pay.
What are macrophages?
A patient encounters influenza a second time and remains asymptomatic because of this response.
What is the secondary immune response?
Lymph from most of the body ultimately empties into this vein.
What is the left subclavian vein?
These cells essentially tell the immune system, "I don't know who committed the crime, but here's the security footage."
What are antigen-presenting cells/macrophages?
This valve stands between the right atrium and right ventricle like a very strict bouncer.
What is the tricuspid valve?
After the AV node, impulses travel through this bundle before splitting into right and left pathways.
What is the AV bundle (Bundle of His)?
A patient develops chest pain because the protective sac around the heart has decided to become an inflammatory activist.
What is pericarditis?
A patient presents with anemia. Tissue hypoxia stimulates release of a hormone from the kidneys. Weeks later oxygen transport improves, increasing delivery to myocardium. The chamber benefiting most is also the chamber that generates the greatest systolic pressure.
What is the left ventricle?