Advantages & Disadvantages
The most direct way to acquire certain kinds of information, including moods, beliefs, and thought processes.
What is a self-report measure?
This construct cannot be directly observed, like cognitive development in the womb.
What is a hypothetical construct?
The extent to which the content of a measure adequately assesses all aspects of the construct being measured.
What is content validity?
The extent to which scores on a measure correlate with relevant factors or criteria outside of the measure.
The idea that participants behave in certain ways because they want to seem like a good person.
What is social desirability bias?
This type of measure is assumed to tap into people's true beliefs and feelings.
Generally, it can also distinguish between conscious and unconscious processes.
What is an implicit measure?
Define reliability.
What is the degree of consistency in a measure?
Evidence that a measure is not measuring something it is not supposed to.
What is discriminant validity?
True or False
It is usually better to ensure that your design fulfills structural validity over the other kinds of validity.
What is false?
No one type of validity indicates better evidence that the design is more "valid" than the other types.
This principle reflects the extent to which a measure provides similar results across time, research settings, and populations.
What is generalizability?
What is a self-report measure?
This type of variable is something directly observable, such as behaviors or physical characteristics of people.
What is a manifest variable?
The extent to which the measure accurately predicts some future behavior (based on the best existing standards).
What is criterion validity?
The extent to which evidence comes together to indicate the degree to which a measure assesses what it is designed to assess.
What is convergent validity?
Give the three major modalities of measurement.
Give two limitations for an implicit measure.
What are: conclusions must be drawn carefully; measures require that participants concentrate on the task without distractions; and stimuli must be selected carefully.
Two disadvantages to this type of measure are (a) that observers must be trained to accurately observe and record responses; and (b) it can be expensive.
What is a behavioral measure?
A condition that exists when a measure is more valid for assessing a construct for members of one group than for members of another group.
What is differential validity?
The extent to which our research results that use a measure are consistent with hypotheses derived from the theory of the construct being measured.
What is substantive validity?
Give at least five examples of physiological measures.
What are EEG, fMRI, blood pressure, heart rate, electrical conductivity of the skin, sexual arousal?
What are: it can be used without people's awareness; it bypasses any tendency to "edit" responses; and participants may be more engaged in the study.
What are random error and systematic error?
Physiological measures generally have difficulty establishing this type of validity.
What is construct validity?
The extent to which the dimensionality of a measure reflects the dimensionality of the construct it is measuring.
What is structural validity?
______ reflects the degree to which responses to items on a measure are similar, and it can be assessed with a statistical value known as ______.
MUST GET BOTH CORRECT!
What is internal consistency and Chronbach's alpha?