5.2
Washington's response to the war between England and France?
Washington issued a declaration of neutrality in response to the war.
Story of the Election of 1800?
It was Adams vs Jefferson all over again, however this time it was a modern campaign (the first one ever). So at this one, there were smear tactics and organized/funded campaigns. Jefferson tied in the Electoral College w/ Aaron Burr, so the house of representatives decide who becomes president. Federalists dominated Congress had been voted out of office due to the Sedition Act, so lame duck Congress got to choose the President between two men from the other party. Alexander Hamilton supported Jefferson over Burr to become President. On the 36th vote, Thomas Jefferson was chosen, making him president and Burr VP.
Impressment?
British policy of capturing American seamen and forcing them into the British navy.
Significance of Washington serving two terms?
It set the precedent that presidents could serve a max of 2 terms until FDR.
Jefferson's philosophy on the Presidency?
Jefferson wanted to be known and viewed as the “common man” President. He wanted to weaken the Presidency and fed gov. At the end of his terms, he ended up strengthening both (one on purpose and one on accident).
Embargo Act?
The US was refusing to trade with both the French and British (in reaction to the impressment policies). This had serious consequences for the American economy and was extremely unpopular in Northern states.
Election of 1796?
Was Adams versus Jefferson, Adams won by 3 electoral votes. This resulted in Adams as President and Jefferson as Vice.
Marbury v. Madison/judicial review?
Judicial Review= the power Supreme Court has where they can take an action of the President, Congress, state or local governments and declare it unconstitutional. Marbury v. Madison happened in 1803 after the 1800 election the Federalist party lost control of both the white House and Congress. Federalists Congress before they left power, decided to expand the number of federal judge positions in the judicial branch. Adams would nominate Federalists to these positions, and the Federalists Senate would confirm. Sec of State John Marshall ran out of time and some of these commissions never got filled. William Marbury did not receive his commission, and sued James Madison for his right to that commission. This kind of case could go straight to the court, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that this case should have never been in front of the Supreme Court because Sec 13 of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. This set the precedent that the Court would have the power of judicial review.
Causes of the War of 1812?
Impressment was still happening even when Madison took office. There were accusations that the British soldiers on the Western frontier were arming Native Americans and causing conflict w/ white settlers. This caused Madison to have to go to Congress for a declaration of war.
XYZ Affair?
The French navy was attacking American merchant ships that were on their way to England. They sent 3 representatives to the US to negotiate, these representatives demanded a $250,000 bribe just to start the negotiations. It is called the X, Y, Z affair because they did not want to release the names of these agents in a report to Congress.
Louisiana Purchase?
The French needed money and no longer really had a purpose for this land due to the slave rebellion so they sold what was then the Louisiana territory, to the US which essentially doubled the size of the US.
Results of the War of 1812?
The burning of DC was a result of the war. In retalation for burning buildings in York, Canada being burnt down, the British burned DC including the White House. The Treaty of Ghent was put out to end this war, however no real major changes came out of this war, except both sides had to return conquered cities and the British agreed to relinquish land claims in North America.
Alien and Sedition Acts?
Alien Act= extended the waiting period for citizenship (includes voting) from 5 years to 14 years (limited French voting for Dem Rep). Sedition Act= you couldn't print negative things about the President, but you could about the VP. However this law was so unpopular that the Federalists got massacred in the Election of 1800.
Lewis and Clark?
The men chose to explore the new Louisiana territory land. Their main goals were to find a route to the Pacific Ocean, make diplomatic relations w/ Native Americans, explore the plant and animal life.
How did Thomas Jefferson's handling of British impressment affect James Madison's presidency and lead to the War of 1812?
Jefferson failed to deal with the issues of impressment causing issues in Madison's Presidency.