Characteristics of Life
Living things breathe, eat, and eliminate waste—this term describes all the chemical processes that keep an organism alive.
Metabolism
This thin barrier surrounds every cell and controls what enters or leaves.
Cell Membrane
What shape is DNA in?
Double helix
What are white blood cells and why are the imporant?
White blood cells fight infections and are a key part of the immune system.
Green plants and some bacteria use sunlight to make sugar in this process.
Photosynthesis
The ability of bacteria to resist antibiotics over many generations is do to this process.
Evolution
What's a cytoplasm and its job?
Gel-like substance inside the cell that holds everything in it.
What does Adenine pair with?
Thymine
What is the importance of Darwins Finches?
Demonstrate natural selection through their varying beak shapes, which adapted leading to the survival and reproduction of finches with advantageous beak traits in their respective environments.
What is the role of decomposers + example?
These organisms, including fungi and certain bacteria, break down dead matter and recycle nutrients
All organisms must do this to keep their internal conditions relatively constant
Homeostasis
Plant cells (but not animal cells) possess this rigid outer structure made of cellulose.
Cell wall
What's a vesicle and its job?
Transport device that holds proteins/fats for going from the Golgi to the rest of the cell.
What does the circulatory system do?
It moves blood, oxygen, and nutrients through the body and carries away waste.
In an energy pyramid, this group occupies the bottom level by producing their own food via photosynthesis.
producers/autotrophs
Even single-celled organisms can move toward nutrients or away from danger, what is this called?
Response to stimuli
These tiny “factories” lacking membranes translate mRNA into polypeptide chains on the rough endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytosol
Ribosomes
What does Adenine pair with?
Thymine
The role or “job” a species occupies within its ecosystem, including how it uses resources and interacts with other organisms.
Niche
What happens to energy as it moves up a food chain?
Only about 10% of energy is passed on to the next level; most is lost as heat.
Are viruses considered living or non-living? Justify your answer.
Viruses are generally not considered living because they can’t reproduce on their own, don’t grow or respond to stimuli, and don’t carry out metabolism without a host cell.
What would happen to a cell if it didn’t have lysosomes, and why?
Without lysosomes, the cell couldn’t break down waste or old cell parts. This would cause the cell to fill up with junk and stop working properly, possibly dying.
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum and explain their usage?
Smooth and Rough. Smooth makes fats, Rough has ribosomes and makes proteins
Why does genetic variation help species survive environmental changes?
Variation means individuals are different. If the environment changes, some may have traits that help them survive, keeping the species going.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis connected?
The products of one are the reactants of the other—photosynthesis makes oxygen and glucose, which cellular respiration uses.