Essays, Ordinances, and Affairs
a series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the United States
Alien and Sedition Acts
British General who was the commander of the forces in the South, he becomes cut off from rescue and with no further reinforcements coming from Britain, he surrenders to Washington at Yorktown.
Charles Cornwallis
the belief that government should be based on the consent of the people
Republicanism
peninsula in Virginia that was sieged by Americans, on October 19, 1781 the British formally surrender to the Continental Army and the French ending the fighting in the Revolutionary War
Yorktown
a political system in which a national government and constituent units, such as state governments, share power
Federalism
a law that established the federal court system and the number of Supreme Court justices and that provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal courts
Judiciary Act of 1789
February 1778, trained troops at Valley Forge. Prussian Drillmaster that taught the colonial soldiers to stand at attention, execute field maneuvers, fire and reload quickly, and wield bayonets
Friedrich Von Steuben
the belief that all people should have equal political, economic, social, and civil rights
Egalitarianism
held by a garrison of Hessians, Americans launch a surprise attack that kills 30, captures 918, and obtains 6 cannons of the enemy
Trenton
the Constitutional Convention’s agreement to count 3/5 of a state’s slaves as population for purposes of representation and taxation
(Three – Fifths Compromise)
a law that established a plan for surveying and selling the federally owned lands west of the Appalachian Mountains
Land Ordinance of 1785
the first chief justice of the United States and negotiated a treaty in 1794, which settled major grievances with Great Britain and promoted commercial prosperity
John Jay
20 year old French aristocrat who offered Washington his assistance and joined with the Continental Army at Valley Forge. He lobbied for French reinforcements in 1779 and held a command in Virginia until the end of the war.
Marquis de Lafayette
outside of Philadelphia, serves as the site of the Continental Army’s camp during the winter of 1777-1778
Valley Forge
the official approval of the Constitution, or of an amendment, by the states
Ratification
a law that established a procedure for admission of new states to the union
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
U.S. minister to Great Britain and envoy extraordinary to Spain in 1795, he negotiated the Treaty of San Lorenzo, an agreement that establishes the southern boundary of the United States and commercial arrangements with Spain
Thomas Pickney
a 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats
XYZ Affair
an uprising od debt ridden Massachusetts farmers protesting increased state taxes in 1787
Shays’s Rebellion
the Constitutional Convention’s agreement to establish a 2 – house national legislature, with all states having equal representation in a house and each state having representation based on the population in the other house (Roger Sherman CT)
Great Compromise
a series of essays defending and explaining the Constitution, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
The Federalist
August 1795 signed the Treaty of Greenville, by which a loose confederacy of Indians ceded to the U.S. much of Ohio and parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan
Little Turtle
French emissary to the United States during the French Revolution who severely strained Franco-American relations by conspiring to involve the United States in France’s war against Great Britain
Edmond Genet
Burgoyne (British) surrenders to General Gates (CA) on October 17, 1777, changes British war strategy as the loss causes them to keep their troops close to the coast for access to their supply bases and the guns of their fleet
Saratoga
a document adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the ne United States
Articles of Confederation