OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders)
What are the repeated unwanted thoughts in OCD called?
Obsessions
After a traumatic event, a person becomes unable to remember important personal information about their life. What condition does this describe?
Dissociative amnesia
What disorder may develop after a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event?
PTSD
What eating disorder is characterized by extreme restriction of food intake due to fear of gaining weight?
Anorexia nervosa
Into how many major clusters are personality disorders officially divided?
3
What term is used for repetitive behaviors done to reduce anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts?
Compulsions
A person feels disconnected from their own body and emotions, as though they are observing themselves from outside. What symptom is this called?
Depersonalization
What word describes a deeply distressing or emotionally shocking experience that can affect mental health?
Trauma
What eating disorder involves episodes of binge eating followed by behaviors intended to prevent weight gain?
Bulimia nervosa
Which personality disorder cluster is mainly associated with dramatic, emotional, and unpredictable behaviors?
Cluster B
True or False:
Compulsions do NOT reinforce the disorder and do NOT provide temporary relief.
FALSE
After experiencing severe stress, a person begins describing the world around them as unreal, distant, and dreamlike, even though they still know reality has not changed. What symptom are they experiencing?
Derealization
A person constantly feels alert, tense, and watchful for danger even when they are safe. What PTSD-related symptom is this called?
Hypervigilance
A person repeatedly consumes unusually large amounts of food in a short period while feeling unable to stop eating. What disorder best describes this behavior?
Binge-eating disorder
A psychologist is studying a group of personality disorders mainly associated with fearfulness, dependence on others, social avoidance, and anxiety-driven behaviors. Which personality disorder cluster is being described?
Cluster C
A person keeps hundreds of old objects, newspapers, and broken items because throwing them away causes intense distress and anxiety, even when the items have little or no value. What disorder best matches this behavior?
Hoarding disorder
Give me the 2 possible causes of this disorder with their reasoning or like an example (biological, psychodynamic, behavioral)
Psychodynamic - (Dissociation reduces emotional pain by separating memories or identity from conscious awareness.)
Behavioral - (Not thinking about the trauma is rewarding makes DID or amnesia.)
Which risk factor increases PTSD development by involving repeated trauma?
Repeated exposure
An individual struggles with deeply distorted thinking regarding their body image. After eating, they consistently engage in excessive exercise as a compensatory behavior to manage their high anxiety. Despite this intense routine, their overall body weight remains completely within the normal clinical range, and they struggle with intense feelings of guilt and shame.
According to the diagnostic features and comparisons provided in the lesson, which specific eating disorder is this individual presenting?
Bulimia Nervosa
A patient displays eccentric behavior, unusual beliefs, discomfort in social relationships, and distorted ways of thinking. According to the personality disorder classification system, which cluster would this disorder most likely belong to?
Cluster A
A psychologist explains a cycle in which unwanted thoughts increase anxiety, leading a person to perform repetitive behaviors that briefly relieve distress, which then unintentionally strengthens the need to repeat the behavior again in the future. What is the psychological process being described in OCD where relief reinforces repetition over time?
Negative reinforcement cycle
A psychology textbook describes a disorder in which a person’s sense of identity is not unified, but instead appears divided into two or more distinct states of consciousness. These states may take control at different times and can be associated with memory gaps for daily events, personal information, or past experiences. The condition is most often linked to severe trauma during early childhood. What dissociative disorder is being described?
DID
After surviving a devastating structural collapse, an individual experiences intense psychological distress. They suffer from vivid flashbacks , find themselves constantly scanning every room for structural cracks , and struggle with persistent feelings of fear and guilt. However, they do not show any tendency to alter their daily routines, and they freely visit and discuss the site of the incident without any hesitation.
Based on the required features of trauma-related disorders, which symptom cluster is completely absent?
Avoidance behaviors
What is the main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in terms of eating behavior and body weight regulation?
Anorexia nervosa involves severe restriction of food intake leading to significantly low body weight, while bulimia nervosa involves cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (like purging) and usually maintains a more normal body weight.
A 30-year-old individual is highly structured in daily life and becomes extremely distressed when routines change. They often spend excessive time checking details to avoid mistakes, struggle to delegate tasks because they believe others will not meet their standards, and tend to avoid situations where outcomes are uncertain. Despite being socially appropriate and not displaying impulsivity or emotional outbursts, their relationships are strained due to rigidity and perfectionism. They do not show signs of psychosis, dramatic behavior, or emotional instability.
Cluster C