Foot/Ankle/Lower Leg Anatomy
The total number of bones that make up the foot.
What is 26?
A soft tissue pathology with pain along the plantar aspect of the foot, classically worse with the first step out of bed in the morning.
What is Plantar Fasciitis?
The two separate joints that comprise the knee.
What are the Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral joints?
Inflammation of the bursa located anterior to the patella, often caused by cumulative repetitive impacts from kneeling.
What is Prepatellar Bursitis?
Inflammation of the bursa near the ischial tuberosity, often caused by prolonged sitting.
What is Ischial Bursitis?
The largest bone in the entire foot and a primary component of the hindfoot.
What is the Calcaneus (or heel bone)?
The strongest and thickest ligament group of the ankle, located on the medial side and composed of four distinct ligaments.
What is the Deltoid Ligament?
The longest and largest sesamoid bone in the body.
What is the Patella?
A special test for meniscal injury performed by applying compression with rotation.
What is the Apley's Test?
The special test used to assess for Iliotibial (IT) band tightness where the patient is sidelying.
What is the Ober’s Test?
This saddle-shaped bone allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion and has less inversion/eversion motion when the ankle is dorsiflexed.
What is the Talus?
This classification of fracture is a spiral break in the proximal one-third of the fibula combined with a distal tibiofibular syndesmosis disruption.
What is the Maisonneuve Fracture?
This anterior hip joint ligament is also referred to as the "Y ligament" due to its shape
What is the Iliofemoral ligament?
A condition common in adolescents where the repetitive tensile load pulls the patellar tendon on the tibial tuberosity.
What is Osgood-Schlatter's Disease?
A severe contusion to the iliac crest is clinically referred to as this.
What is a Hip Pointer.
This collection of seven bones includes the calcaneus, talus, and three cuneiforms.
What are the Tarsal Bones?
The name for the overuse syndrome of the lower leg, specifically pain along the medial tibia, which should not be called "shin splints."
What is Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS)?
The three muscles (Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus) that insert at this common distal landmark.
What is the Pes Anserine?
The test for ACL injury that is considered superior to the Anterior Drawer test because it is performed with the knee in a small amount of flexion to decrease muscle guarding.
What is Lachman's Test?
This clinical sign is positive when the pelvis drops on the side opposite the standing leg, indicating Gluteus Medius weakness.
What is the Trendelenburg Sign?
The joint that marks the junction between the forefoot (metatarsals) and the midfoot (tarsals).
What is the Lisfranc’s joint.
The special test for intermetatarsal neuroma that involves squeezing the metatarsal heads to reproduce the pain and paresthesia.
What is Mulder’s Sign?
The artery that runs through the ligamentum teres to supply the head of the femur, critical for bone survival.
What is the Foveolar artery?
A soft-tissue pathology that causes pain and pseudo-locking on the anteromedial joint line, which is worse in the morning.
What is Medial Synovial Plica?
If the unheld thigh lifts off the table when the opposite knee is pulled to the chest, this test indicates hip flexor tightness.
What is the Thomas Test?