Before 1492
First Cultivated in Mexico, this crop spread north and allowed many Native societies to settle down and grow in population
What is Maize (Corn)
The three motives for European Exploration.
What is Gold, God, and Glory
Native Americans had no immunity to this European disease, which killed millions.
What is Small Pox
This system let Spanish colonists demand labor and tribute from Native people in exchange for supposedly protecting and Christianizing them.
What is the encomienda system?
Europeans treated land as this, claimed for a monarch, while most Native peoples saw land as shared with use rights.
What is Private Property?
Maize, beans, and squash, planted together so each crop helps the others grow is called...
What are the Three Sisters
This Portuguese prince sponsored sailing expeditions and trading posts down the coast of Africa.
What is Prince Henry the Navigator
Brought by the Spanish, this animal transformed hunting, travel, and warfare for Plains peoples.
What is the horse?
In the casta system, people of mixed European and Native ancestry.
Who are Mestizos
The blending of cultures, seen in the Virgin of Guadalupe.
What is Syncretism?
With little water for farming, many peoples of the Great Basin and Great Plains lived this way...
What is Nomadic (Mobile Hunter-Gatherers)
This 1494 agreement drew a line of demarcation splitting new lands between Spain and Portugal, giving Portugal its claim to Brazil.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas.
Built on a lake, this Aztec capital rules by Montezuma fell to Hernán Cortés in 1521.
What is Tenochtitlán?
Born in Spain, these colonists held the highest positions at the top of the casta system.
Who are Peninsulares?
This 1513 Spanish document, read aloud in Spanish, demanded that Native people accept the Crown and the Church or face war.
What is the Requerimiento?
The Mississippian City near Present-Day St. Louis was known for its huge earthen mounds
What is Cahokia
Economic system in which colonies exist to enrich the mother country, and a nation aims to export more than it imports to build up gold and silver.
What is Mercantilism
Cortés's Native interpreter, who played a key role in the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
Who is La Malinche?
This Spanish priest condemned the abuse of Native people and pushed the Crown for reform.
Who is Bartolomé de las Casas?
This 1493 papal principle claimed Christian nations had the right to take lands not ruled by Christians.
What is the Doctrine of Discovery?
This Northeast Alliance of Five nations was matrilineal; clan mothers chose its leaders
What is the Iroquois Confederacy?
The centuries-long religious conflict that unified Spain under Christian rule in 1492.
What is the Reconquista?
Silver flowing from the Americas into Europe caused this wave of inflation.
What is the Price Revolution?
In this 1550–1551 debate, Las Casas argued against Sepúlveda over whether Native people should be treated as fully human and rational.
What is the Valladolid Debate?
Promoted by Spain's rivals, this idea painted Spanish colonizers as uniquely cruel and greedy.
What is the Black Legend?