(5.6)Pesticides
What are pesticides?
chemicals toxic to pests
what are GMOs
Genes for pest resistant traits added through genetic modification from different species
what is IPM
Integrated pest management using a variety of pest control methods to reduce env impacts
broad based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. Ipm aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level.
Which category of Sustainable Agriculture does crop rotation fall under
Improving soil fertility
What is crop rotation?
When you rotate the types of crops in the fields that are growing
Results of overuse of pesticides
Leads to resistant trait in pests - kills non resistant leaving resistant - pass resistant genes to next gen
most common crop used with GMOS in US
corn
What is a benefit of IPM?
Reduces death/mutation of non target species
reduce effects on human consumers
- pesticides - carcinogens, cancer
cost/ difficulty of biocontrol
purchasing, spreading organisms in fields or building homes for them
which category of IPM strategy involves "insect growth regulators, pheromones, biological/chemical pesticides"
Chemical Control
name a common ingredient in pesticides
describe effects of Bt corn and Roundup Ready crops
Bt corn - creates Bt crystals toxic to pests - own insecticide
Round up ready - resistant to herbicide
What is a negative of IPM?
It is very time consuming and can sometimes be more expensive
which category of IPM strategy involves "Crop rotation, use of locally adapted or pest resistant/tolerant varieties, sanitation, manipulating planting/harvest dates to avoid pests"
Cultural control
what is intercropping
grow (a crop) among plants of a different kind, usually in the space between rows.
- push and pull system
name one of the worst pesticides
The worst pesticides include Atrazine, Flupyradifurone, Hexachlorobenzene, Glyphosate, Methomyl, and Rotenone
Effects of different GMOs on pesticide use
Bt corn decreases insecticide - creates its own
More roundup use because round up ready crops can tolerate more pesticides
What lab involved IPM strategies
Sunflowers for everyone
describe biological control as IPM category
"protect, enhance or import natural enemies of pests"
using a natural predator or parasite to control pests
2 points of what crop rotation does and how it works
pests prefer one specific crop - eggs have prefered food source
-prevents pests from becoming established bc disrupts food source
- prevents bare soul from being taken over by weeds
name a health concern that may be associated with pesticides
cancer, Alzhiemers, birth defects, nervous system, reproductive system, endocrine system
Impact of GM on Genetic Diversity
Gmo clones have no genetic diversity
if disease - no chance of adaptive trait☠
who made this definition
IPM - the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms.
UN food and agriculture organization
define push and pull plants
Push - It is a plant that emits chemicals that repel bugs
pull -It draws insects into them to lay their eggs and to keep them away from the crop the farmers are trying to farm
Describe mechanical control
"cultivation, trapping, pest exclusion"