A teacher is praising a 9-year-old student for their effort in completing a challenging math problem. Which stage of Erikson's theory is this?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Identity vs. Role confusion
C. Integrity vs. Despair
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
What stage of cognitive development is this, Age 7 to 12 years?
A. Formal operational
B. Concrete operational
C. Sensorimotor
D. Preoperational
B. Concrete operational
A nurse is caring for a newborn in the hospital. Providing warm, consistent care, and responding promptly to the infant's needs. Which stage of Erikson's is this?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Empathy vs. Sympathy
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
What stage of cognitive development is this, Age 2 to 7 years?
A. Preoperational
B. Concrete operational
C. Formal operational
D. Sensorimotor
A. Preoperational
Late adulthood is part of which Erikson's stage of theory?
A. Integrity vs. Despair
B. Generativity vs. Stagnation
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
A. Integrity vs. Despair
A 2-year-old toddler is attempting to dress themselves for the first time. The toddler is struggling but insists on doing it alone. The parent encourages the child to try, offering gentle guidance and praise. Which of the following Erikson's stage is this?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
D. Trying vs. Not Trying
C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child, the nurse observes that the child engages in pretend play. What stage of Piaget's is demonstrated?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
B. Preoperational
A 25-year-old client expresses frustration about being unable to maintain long-term romantic relationships, stating, "I just don't feel connected to anyone, and I don't know why." Which stage of Erikson's theory is this?
A. Identity vs. Role Confusion
B. Intimacy vs Isolation
C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
D. Confusion vs. Understanding
B. Intimacy vs Isolation
A nurse is working with a 7-year-old who can classify objects into categories, such as sorting blocks by color and shape. Which stage of Piaget's is this?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Formal operational
D. Concrete operational
D. Concrete operational
A toddler frequently says "I do it myself" while engaging in daily activities like feeding and dressing. The toddler's behavior is best described as an expression of which two?
A. Shame and Doubt
B. Autonomy
C. Initiative
D. Trust
A. Shame and Doubt
B. Autonomy
A nurse is caring for a 79-year-old client who feels regret over unachieved goals and missed opportunities, stating, "I've wasted my life." The nurse should recognize that this statement is indicative of which stage of Erikson's theory?
A. Integrity vs. Despair
B. Generativity vs. Stagnation
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
A. Integrity vs. Despair
A nurse observes a 12-month-old infant who is playing with a toy car and shaking it while looking at it intently. Which of Piaget's stage is this?
A. Formal operational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete operational
D. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
A 45-year-old client expresses feeling of dissatisfaction and lack of accomplishment, stating, "I don't feel like I've made a difference in anyone's life. I'm just going through the motions every day." According to Erikson's theory this client is experiencing?
A. Generativity
B. Stagnation
C. Intimacy
D. Integrity
B. Stagnation
A 13-year-old can think abstractly, reason about hypothetical situations, and consider future consequences. Which stage of Piaget's is this?
A. Concrete operational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Preoperational
D. Formal operational
D. Formal operational
An infant has been consistently neglected by their caregivers. Which of the following is a potential outcome of this neglect during the trust vs. mistrust stage of Erikson's theory?
A. The infant may develop a sense of trust and security in relatioships
B. The infant may develop a sense of mistrust, leading to feelings of suspicion and withdrawal
C. The infant may experience excessive attachment to caregivers
D. The infant may demostrate increased curiosity and independence
B. The infant may develop a sense of mistrust, leading to feelings of suspicion and withdrawal
A preschooler begins asking "Why?" repeatedly and shows curiosity about how things work. This behavior reflects which of the following developmental milestones in Erikson's theory?
A. Autonomy
B. Trust
C. Initiative
D. Industry
C. Initiative
A 17-year-old is convinced that they are invulnerable to harm, even after seeing news stories about accidents involving teenagers. This belief is part of which cognitive concept?
A. Abstract reasoning
B. Imaginary audience
C. Personal fable
D. Reversibility
C. Personal fable
A 75-year-old client states, "I've had a full life. I've made some mistakes, but I'm proud of what I've accomplished and the family I've raised. I wouldn't change anything." According to Erikson's theory, this client is most likely experiencing:
A. Despair, because the client has regrets about their past
B. Integrity, because the client feels a sense of fulfillment and acceptance of their life choices
C. Role confusion, as the client is unsure of their life's choices
D. Isolation, as the client feels disconnected from others
B. Integrity, because the client feels a sense of fulfillment and acceptance of their life choices
A 4-year-old says, "I can't see the dog, so the dog must have gone away." Which concept from Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development is the child demonstrating?
A. Objective permanence
B. Animism
C. Egocentrism
D. Conservation
A. Object permanence
A teacher notices that a 12-year-old student is consistently completing assignmnets on time, actively participating in class, and helping peers with their work. The teacher should interpret this behavior as indicative of which of the following?
A. A lack of interest in schoolwork
B. A developing sense of industry and self-confidence
C. Difficulty forming social relationships with peers
D. A tendency to focus too much on achievement at the expense of socializing
B. A developing sense of industry and self-confidence
A 16-year-old is struggling to make decisions about carer choices and is uncertain about their future direction. Which of the following are part of Erikson's stage? Select all that apply.
A. Shame and Doubt
B. Identity
C. Role Confusion
D. Intimacy
B. Identity
C. Role Confusion
A 5-year-old child tells their parents, "The sun is hiding because it is sleepy." This behavior reflects which characteristic of Piaget's preoperational stage?
A. Object permanence
B. Animism
C. Egocentrism
D. Hypothetical reasoning
B. Animism
Match each number with the correct letter.
1. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
2. Intimacy vs. Isolation
3. Integrity vs Despair
A. Late Adulthood
B. Toddlerhood
C. Early Adulthood
A-3
B-1
C-2
Mix and Match
1. Concrete operational
2. Preoperational
3. Sensorimotor
4. Formal operational
A. Children use symbols to represent objects and learn to express themselves.
B. Adolescents reason abstractly and think in hypothetical terms.
C. Children can think logically about concrete objects and can add and subtract.
D. Increased mobility and awareness, object permanence and separation anxiety emerge.
1-C
2-A
3-D
4-B
How does one achieve Generativity (Middle Adulthood) in Erikson's stage of theory? Explain
To achieve Generativity, adults undertake activities and causes that benefit others, such as raising a family, mentoring, coaching, and becoming involved in the community.